Latin Names and Terms for Family Members

English kinship terms, although not completely transparent even to those who grew up using them, lack the complexity found in many other language systems. English speakers might struggle to determine whether someone is a cousin once removed or a second cousin, but we dont have to think twice about what the title is for a parents sister. It doesnt matter if the parent is the father or the mother: the name is the same: aunt.  In Latin, we would have to know whether the aunt is on the fathers side, an amita, or on the mothers, a matertera. This is not restricted to kinship terms. In terms of the sounds a language makes, there is a compromise made between ease of articulation and ease of understanding. In the realm of vocabulary, the ease might be the ease of memorizing a small number of specialized terms vs the need of others to know to whom youre referring. Sibling is more general than sister or brother. In English, we have both, but only those. In other languages, there might be a term for an older sister or younger brother and maybe none for a sibling, which could be considered too general to be useful.   For those who grew up speaking, for instance, Farsi or Hindi, this list may seem as it should be, but for us English speakers, it may take some time. soror, sororis, f. sisterfrater, fratris, m. brothermater, matris, f. motherpater, patris, m. fatheravia, -ae, f. grandmotheravus, -i, m. grandfatherproavia, -ae, f. great-grandmotherproavus, -i, m. great-grandfatherabavia, f. great-great-grandmotherabavus, m. great-great-grandfatheratavia, f. great-great-great-grandmotheratavus, m. great-great-great-grandfathernoverca, -ae. f. stepmothervitricus, -, m. stepfatherpatruus, -i, m. paternal unclepatruus magnus, m. paternal great-unclepropatruus, m. paternal great-great uncleavunculus, -i, m. maternal uncleavunculus magnus, m. maternal great-uncleproavunculus, m. maternal great-great uncleamita, -ae, f. paternal auntamita magna, f. paternal great auntproamita, f. paternal great-great auntmatertera, -ae, f. maternal auntmatertera magna, f. maternal great-auntpromatertera, f. maternal great-great-auntpatruelis, -is, m./f. paternal cousinsobrinus, -i, m. maternal boy cousinsobrina, -ae, f. maternal girl cousinvitrici filius/filia, m./f. pat ernal step-siblingï » ¿novercae filius/filia, m./f. maternal step-siblingfilius, -i, m. sonfilia, -ae. f. daughterprivignus, -i, m. stepsonprivigna, -ae, f. stepdaughternepos, nepotis, m. grandsonneptis, neptis, f. grand-daughterabnepos/abneptis, m./f. great-grandson/great-granddaughteradnepos/adneptis, m./f. great-great-grandso/great-great-granddaughter Source Sandys, John Edwin, 1910. A Companion to Latin Studies. Cambridge University Press: London.

Film Critique - Ned Kelly Gallipoli Essay - 995 Words

Many Australian films explore the concept of ‘overcoming adversity’, common to films from many countries but they explore it in a manner unique to Australia and embrace the ‘Aussie Battler’ or ‘Aussie Hero’ icon. The films Gallipoli (Directed by Peter Weir - 1981) and Ned Kelly (Directed by Gregor Jordan - 2003) are two good examples of this. Both films show evidence of characters overcoming adversities throughout their stories. The following will analyse each film and explore the concept by looking at themes and film techniques. The characters in the film Gallipoli, Frank and Archie, develop a very close friendship throughout their tough journey together. This special bond they have helps them to overcome the terrible adversity of†¦show more content†¦It was a common belief that all young men should represent and fight for their country in the war, or be judged and named selfish etcetera; therefore, Archie and Frank felt they had to be a part of it and signed up. An adversity justly overcome by both characters. They also had to overcome the terrifying adversity of fear to prove to themselves, and others, that they were able to deal with the hardship of warfare and suffering. Likewise in Ned Kelly, the characters overcame the adversity of judgment from others by doing what they thought was the right thing to do - battling for their rights, which in turn earned the respect of friends, some citizens and family. They attempted to overcome the adversity of discrimination against the Irish held at the time by the majority of other Australians. Police treated them unfairly because of where they were from. Discrimination causes a lot of tension between characters in the film. The outcome of this tension proves the main character, Ned Kelly, to be a true Aussie battler. The most powerful scene of the film Gallipoli is the final scene. The musical score intensifies the struggle, despair and hopelessness of the situation. It helps the audience to relate and feel sympathy towards the character. This scene is depicts the character overcoming his adversity of fear and becoming and ‘Aussie hero’ as he runs into battle however, even though he has overcome his fear, it does not end well. The music

Nursing & Midwifery Research Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is It Beneficial To Administer Influenza Vaccine To Older Adults With Pneumonia During Flu Outbreak? Answer: The research paradigm to be chosen is quantitative and the approach would be non-experimental design- cohort study. The quantitative study is considered most appropriate in this case as it would be possible to obtain information about particular cases that will be prospectively followed. According to Merriam Tisdell (2015), quantitative designs are deductive in nature as one can test a theory or a hypothesis. Therefore, it will be easy to test the efficacy of the influenza vaccine as it is widely recommended during flu outbreak. The quantitative paradigm has objective approach and it is well structured. Since the objective is to assess the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in older adults, quantitative approach is justified. The rationale being aim of the quantitative research paradigm to provide inferences on a population level. Quantitative design is appropriate as helps deduce the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable in the given population. Thus, this descriptive paradigm is justified to establish association between the influenza vaccine and pneumonia during flu outbreak as it requires observing large number of patients (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). It is cited in Tigchelaar et al. (2015) that a cohort study is beneficial in observational studies. It helps to observe a group of people with similar experience or characteristics. For instance, in this research, the criteria are to choose older adults 60 years or above suffering from pneumonia for influenza vaccination. Therefore, it is justified to adopt this design for research as it would involve observing a set of older patients with pneumonia. As per Pope Stanistreet (2017), prospective approach is the more robust approach. It ensures validity and reduces errors. In the observational epidemiological studies, prospective cohort studies are considered to be more reliable when compared with cross-sectional studies and the retrospective cohort studies. There are flaws to the quantitative, population based cohort studies such as long duration. However, the literature provides evidence that such studies are generating excellent data. Although there is high potential cost of error, it is the great way to study the long term trends. Thus, it is justified to study the trends when influenza vaccine is used for protecting older adults with pneumonia during flu season. In one quantitative study the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination was analysed in people above 60 years with pneumonia. The metaanalysis quantified data with reporting the visits involving cohort and case control studies on influenza vaccination. The limitations include recall bias. However, in one population based cohort study, vaccination was found to be effective in adults with pneumonia (Restiveo et al., 2017; Vila-Corcoles et al., 2016) There are limitations found in qualitative study using systematic review to explore behavioural factors affecting the influenza vaccine among elderly. The credibility was low as important evidence was excluded. Transferability is diminished. In another qualitative study, semi-structured interview was used to identify the facilitators ad barriers of healthcare providers in vaccinating elderly patients. However, the limitations include not conducting the interviews in real time (Ellen, 2017; Kan Zhang, 2018). It can be concluded that the chosen method of research is justified. References Ellen, M. (2017). Factors that influence influenza vaccination rates among the elderly: nurses perspectives.Journal of nursing management. Kan, T., Zhang, J. (2018). Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review.Public health,156, 67-78. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Pope, D., Stanistreet, D. (2017).Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics. John Wiley Sons. Restivo, V., Costantino, C., Bono, S., Maniglia, M., Marchese, V., Ventura, G., ... Vitale, F. (2017). Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics, 1-12. Tigchelaar, E. F., Zhernakova, A., Dekens, J. A., Hermes, G., Baranska, A., Mujagic, Z., ... Franke, L. (2015). Cohort profile: LifeLines DEEP, a prospective, general population cohort study in the northern Netherlands: study design and baseline characteristics.BMJ open,5(8), e006772. Vila-Corcoles,A., Ansa,X., Ochoa-Gondar,O., Satue,E., De Diego,C., Rodriguez-Blanco,T. (2016). Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults 60 years or older: Incidence, mortality and prevention.Medicina Clnica,146(5), 199-202. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.015

Racial and religious differences

Introduction Since the 9/11 attacks, America has increasingly become sensitive to racial and religious differences (Lansford 78). Particularly, racial profiling has dominated how law enforcement officers manage terrorism threats.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Racial and religious differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public perceptions of different religious groups have also changed as more people have become hateful and biased towards certain religious groups (Lansford 78). This paper claims that after the 9/11 attacks, Americans became increasingly biased towards Muslims and minorities from South Asia. Despite the illegality of racial profiling, this paper argues that Asian minorities continue to be victims of hate crime and racial profiling because of their religious affiliation, dressing, and culture. Religious Profiling Some sections of the American society have targeted South Asian minor ities as potential terrorist suspects because of their religious affiliation. For example, some Americans have alienated Muslim women because of their dressing. Particularly Tarlo (103) says the society has alienated Muslim women because they wear the Jilbab (a long garment) and the Niqab (a veil covering the face). While this dressing is normal for Muslim women, after 9/11, Islamic dressing has portrayed Muslims as potential â€Å"enemies† or â€Å"threats† to security (Tarlo 103). Symbolically, western media have used the Jilbab and the Niqab to explain how Muslims are different from other people. Notably, the media have used Islamic dressing to portray how the â€Å"enemy† looks like. Unfortunately, this representation does not have any significance to the characters or the motives of the people who wear them. Tarlo (103) says the use of Islamic dressing to portray Muslims as â€Å"alien,† or the â€Å"enemy,† creates a narrow perception of the faith and its followers.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Notably, this representation conveys the belief that all Muslims are the same. Therefore, it is difficult to see the difference between ordinary Muslims and â€Å"enemies† who profess the same faith. This representation has played a significant role in creating animosity and hostilities towards South Asians (Women of South Asian Descent Collective 352). This representation has also created public intolerance for Islamic diversity in the society. For example, Tarlo (104) explains an incident where a British school denied a 13-year old Bengali girl the right to wear her Jilbab. The family of the young girl protested this decision and went to court to seek redress. They claimed the school denied the girl the right to express her religious views (Tarlo 104). The court ruled that the girl could wear the Jil bab (Tarlo 104). This decision was controversial because the school refused to accept it. Nonetheless, without delving further into the details of this case, it is crucial to understand the intolerance that exists within western society regarding Islamic practices in a post-9/11 world. For example, the main concern for the school was the symbolic association of the Jilbab with Islamic radical groups. This perception exists in most western societies because, albeit symbolically, people have associated Islamic practices and lifestyles with the â€Å"enemy† (Tarlo 103). The above analysis shows that religious profiling has permeated through many facets of the American society. For example, Jamal and Naber (211) say there were several instances where passengers refused to board the same plane with South Asians because they are Muslims. In many incidents, airline companies have removed the â€Å"suspected passengers† from their airplanes. Jamal and Naber (211) particularly draw our attention to an incident where South West Airlines removed a Muslim man, in New Jersey, because he made other passengers â€Å"uncomfortable.†Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Racial and religious differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, Jamal and Naber (211) explain an incident where a pilot removed a secret service agent of Arab descent from an American Airlines flight because he made other passengers uncomfortable. Such incidents are many. Overall, they show that South Asians have become increasingly alienated in a post-9/11 society. Racial Profiling In a post-9/11 society, Americans have become increasingly critical about the nationalities, origins, and citizenship of South Asians. In fact, according to Lansford (78), law enforcement officers profile South Asians as potential terrorist suspects because of race and ethnicity. Consequently, many South Asians have become easy targets for arrest and detention. Lansford (78) says in the post-9/11 period, the American Justice Department has detained more than 1,200 Muslims (mostly from South Asia). The Women of South Asian Descent Collective (352) say a broader analysis of this trend highlights the lack of acceptance that South Asians have experienced in America. For example, they say the society excludes many South Asian minorities (socially) because of racial prejudice (Women of South Asian Descent Collective 352). For example, the Women of South Asian Descent Collective (352) say some Americans believe South Asians have a different home, other than America (they are not American citizens). This perception exists even for second generation and third generation South Asian who are American citizens by birth. In fact, some of these people have never visited Asia, but the society regards them as â€Å"aliens† in America (Women of South Asian Descent Collective 352). This prejudice mainly exists in the American education system where the society regards South Asian students as â€Å"foreign students.† The Women of South Asian Descent Collective (352) also say this situation is worse for female South Asian students because the society regards them as â€Å"irrelevant.†Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A British movie, Brick Lane, shows how social prejudice creates a divided society, as seen in a post-9/11 period. Produced in 2007, the film focuses on the life of a young Asian girl, Nazneen, who marries a man twice her age (against her will). She lives in a small Asian community – British Bangladeshi community, which is predominantly Muslim. Living in a largely Christian country, the South Asian Muslim community, experiences racial and religious alienation from the rest of the society (Brick Lane). This alienation makes Nazneen nostalgic about her rural home. She finds it difficult to accept London as her home because her community lives as â€Å"aliens† in London. Furthermore, she has to contend with the negative stereotypes that face the Muslim community she belonged to (Brick Lane). The extent of her anguish mirrored her mother’s life because the hardships that faced her mother as a South Asian woman living in London forced her to commit suicide (Brick Lane ). Overall, Brick Lane shows how religious and ethnic prejudices affect the perception of South Asian minorities in many western societies. Conclusion The racial profiling of South Asian minorities in America is a worrisome situation. This paper shows that South Asian Muslims living in America have become increasingly alienated for their religion and race. This prejudice is often unfounded because religion and race do not have any correlation with the characters or the identities of the victims. From a legal standpoint, law enforcement agencies are losing the opportunity to gather reliable intelligence from communities that continue to be victims of racial and religious profiling. This way, racial profiling in America is a zero-sum game. Moreover, racial profiling continues to deny legal American citizens of South Asian descent the right to enjoy their freedoms, as other American citizens do. Works Cited Brick Lane. Ex. Prod. Sarah Gavron. London, UK: Sony. 2007. DVD. Jamal, Amaney, and N. Naber. Nadine Race and Arab Americans Before and  After 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2008. Print. Lansford, Tom. 9/11 and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: A Chronology and  Reference Guide, New York, NY: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Print. Tarlo, Emma. Visibly Muslim Fashion Politics Faith, New York, NY: Oxford, 2010. Print. Women of South Asian Descent Collective. Our Feet Walk the Sky: Women of the  South Asian Diaspora, San Fransisco, CA: Aunt Lute Books, 1993. Print. This critical writing on Racial and religious differences was written and submitted by user Aiyana Hurst to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Useful Expressions on Essay Essays

Useful Expressions on Essay Essays Useful Expressions on Essay Essay Useful Expressions on Essay Essay Useful expressions to write an essay Introduction first of all to begin with in order to decide whether. or not to outline the main points firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally / eventually Enumerating arguments in addition to / additionally besides / moreover / furthermore above all Weighing up arguments on the one hand.. on the other hand to consider the advantages and disadvantages arguments for and against to discuss the pros and cons in theory in reality both and. not only ut also anyway / at any rate / in any case in fact / actually / as a matter of fact up to a point so to speak by no means / not at all Comparisons compared to / in comparison with to draw / make a comparison between and similarly as well as Restrictions however / though nevertheless whereas although / though / even though in spite of / despite unlike in contrast to / with sth. on the contrary sth is contrary to sth Refering to with reference to regarding as regards as far as s concern ed according to (according to is used to introduce someone elses opinion. Dont say according to me) afin de decider si ou non exposer les points principaux de plus, en outre surtout discuter le pour et le contre a la fois.. et.. de toute facon en fait jusqua un certain point pour ainsi dire pas du tout / en aucune facon aussi bien que / de meme que tandis que bien que / meme si malgre a la difference de en ce qui concerne selon Emphasizing I’d like to point out that I’d like to emphasize Jaimerais faire remarquer que Jaimerais mettre laccent sur Generalizing on the whole in general / generally speaking as a rule to some extent to a large extent / to what extent ? in many ways in all respects in most / many cases basically Giving examples for example / for instance such as / including in particular / particularly to give you an example of what I mean to illustrate this point what I mean is et cetera / and so on / and so forth that is to say / i. Making exeptions apart from except with the exception of Giving reasons because as / since because of the reason for this is the reason why for some reasons or another I have every reason to believe that Consequences therefore consequently / as a result for this reason / all these reasons Personal point of view I think that in my opinion/ in my view / to my mind this is a matter of opinion in my experience as far as I know as far as I am concerned to be aware / unaware of a problem to tell the truth the fact is that I am convi nced that I firmly believe that I feel sth should be done about that n regle generale dans une certaine mesure a bien des egards a tous les egards dans la plupart / beaucoup de cas fondamentalement / a la base tel que / y compris et caetera cest a dire comme, puisque donc en ce qui me concerne etre conscient de Agreeing I entirely / absolutely agree with that’s exactly my own view I’m of exactly the same opinion that’s perfectly true I’d like to support this view Disagreeing I partly disagree with I don’t entirely agree with I agree in principle, but That’s not the way I see it I see things rather differently myself I’m not at all convinced that I’m not absolutely sure Interest, Plans, Intentions to be interested in sth / in doing sth It interests me a lot My main / particular interest is I have the intention of doing I am prepared to do sth I am determined to do sth I’m planning to do th I’m very keen on doing sth Lack of interest I find †¦ rather uninteresting / boring I don’t take any interest in It’s all the same to me whether It means nothing to me Summarizing and drawing conclusions finally last of all last but not least in conclusion / to conclude we can draw the conclusion to sum up / to summari ze we can say all in all in short / in brief / briefly all things considered the subject under discussion I find it difficult to reach a conclusion but I’m tempted to say Modifying adverbs totally / entirely / completely mostly / mainly / chiefly partly comparatively / relatively extremely / incredibly Ca mest egal si globalement surtout / principalement, essentiellement

Water of Crystallization Definition

Water of Crystallization Definition Water of crystallization is  defined as water that is stoichiometrically bound into a crystal. Crystal salts containing water of crystallization are called hydrates. Water of crystallization is also known as water of hydration or crystallization water. How Water of Crystallization Forms Many compounds are purified by crystallization from an aqueous solution. The crystal excludes many contaminants, however, water can fit within the crystalline lattice without being chemically bonded to the cation of the compound. Applying heat can drive off this water, but the process typically damages the crystalline structure. This is fine, if the goal is to obtain a pure compound. It may be undesirable when growing crystals for crystallography or other purposes. Water of Crystallization Examples Commercial root killers often contain copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 ·5H2O) cyrstals. The five water molecules are called water of crystallization.Proteins typically contain even more water than inorganic salts. A protein may easily contain 50 percent water. Water of Crystallization Nomenclature The two methods to denote water of crystallization in molecular formulas are: hydrated compound ·nH2O - For example,  CaCl2 ·2H2Ohydrated compound(H2O)n - For example,  Ã‚  ZnCl2(H2O)4 Sometimes the two forms are combined. For example, [Cu(H2O)4]SO4 ·H2O may be used to describe the water of crystallization of copper(II) sulfate. Other Solvents in Crystals Water is a small, polar molecule that is readily incorporated into crystal lattices, but its not the only solvent found in crystals. In fact, most solvents remain, to a greater or lesser extent, in the crystal. A common example is benzene. In order to minimize the effect of a solvent, chemists typically try to remove as much as possible using vacuum extraction and may heat a sample to drive off residual solvent. X-ray crystallography can often detect solvent within a crystal. Sources Baur, W.H. (1964) On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. III. The determination of the crystal structure of FeSO4(H2O)7 (melanterite) Acta Crystallographica, volume 17, p1167-p1174. doi:10.1107/S0365110X64003000Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Klewe, B.; Pedersen, B. (1974). The crystal structure of sodium chloride dihydrate. Acta Crystallographica B30: 2363–2371. doi:10.1107/S0567740874007138

Project Management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management - Literature review Example Additionally, through sponsoring events and organizations, firms receive positive feedback from the recipient, and that will put the constructive effect on the general perception about the sponsor in the mass of the population. However, for this, sponsors need to show genuine long-term commitment with sponsored events or organizations (Rifon et al, 2004). It adds value to mention that even a sophisticatedly planned sponsorship campaign encompassing positive brand attributes and consumer-friendly attributes might not generate the required type of image in the minds of consumers (Han et al, 2013). In such sponsorship scenarios, the consumers do not consider such adoption of the method for promoting the brand value among the consumers (Simmons et al, 2006). As a result, it can be deduced that it is highly essential that congruence does not always bring corporate benefits for the

Nuclear Plants and Their Impact on the Environment Essay

Nuclear Plants and Their Impact on the Environment - Essay Example Accidents from nuclear reactors in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to end to the initial rapid growth in nuclear power capacity. These comprised the 1979 Three Mile Island accident (USA) and the 1986 Chernobyl disaster (Ukraine) (Cracolice & Peters, 1997). In 2011, a hard-hitting tsunami led the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant to leak, resulting in hydrogen gas explosions and partial meltdowns. In order to caution the immediate populations from the adverse effects of the disasters, the Ukraine government enacted a 30 kilometers no-settlement policy around the Chernobyl power plant while the Japanese government implemented a 20 kilometers cautionary zone around the Fukushima I plant (Hoeve & Jacobson, 2012; Bennett, Bouville, Hall, Savkin & Storm, 2000).Radioactive DecayUsed up nuclear fuel from uranium-235 and plutonium-239 nuclear fission contains more than 100 carcinogenic radionuclide isotopes such as strontium-90, iodine-131 and caesium-137, and includes some of the most long- lived transuranic elements such as americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium. Disposal of these wastes in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geologic formations is currently the best disposal solution fronted (Cracolice & Peters, 1997).Nuclear Accidents and ConcernsDebate over the reliability, durability and quality maintenance of old nuclear installations has emerged following leakage of radioactive water in over twenty US nuclear power plants. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that emits a low-energy beta particle. It may be present in water emanating from a nuclear plant (Casas et al, 2004; Cracolice & Peters, 1997). The main concern over tritium is the high possibility of its entry into drinking water, in addition to the subsequent presence in crops that depend on tritium-contaminated waters. Uranium is mainly mined for use in nuclear power plants. The 1979 Church Rock uranium mill spill in New Mexico led to the flow of over 1,0 00 tons.

Fashion Industry Essay Example for Free

Fashion Industry Essay This summer it is boho chic. Last summer, it was preppy sailor simplicity. In the late 90s it was the grunge look. Yellow is the new black. Jeans are the new business casual. And on. And on. Yes, I am writing of fashion trends. The latest look, style, and color floods the covers of magazines, the shelves of retailers from Saks to H M, the bodies of celebrities and television characters and, undoubtedly, is able to get enough of us to buy into it (literally and figuratively) to validate the whole cycle. So, while most of us are easily able to grasp this continuously perpetuating cycle of saturating the public with the latest, greatest duds, questions remain: how does a trend start? Who makes this decision? Why does it work? Well, to be perfectly honest, there is no definitive answer to the myth that is a fashion trend. But, while the exact formula is beyond the consumer, we can be sure that it takes the work of several different interdependent fashion industry professions to convince us that espadrilles, suspenders, and terry-cloth suits are worthy of our dollars and donning. Fashion designers gather their inspiration, whether it comes from popular culture, music, politics, a celebrity muse, or something else entirely. Then, they design usually a spring and fall collection. With a slew of inspired, perfectly crafted designs ready to hit the runway, they show their collections. It could possibly be said that the trend begins at the fashion show. Fashion writers, buyers, photographers and celebrities line the runways, waiting to take in, criticize and praise the designers work. Writers go back to their offices and verbally comment on the design they have seen. If a collection is deemed great, the editor may be persuaded to feature the clothing on the cover of the months issue. This is also influenced by fashion publicists professionals who are paid to get the designers duds in front of larger audiences. Thus, we read about the latest fashion trend. Photographers snap photos as the models parade down the runway and sell them to parties interested in the designers work. The photos show up in newspapers, industry magazines, fashion magazines and various other media outlets. Thus, we see the latest fashion trend. Buyers, if impressed, order pieces that their clientele will be willing to pay hundreds or thousands to own. Other designers, those focused on mass production of more affordable versions of the latest trend, gather their inspiration here too. Thus, we can purchase the latest fashion trend. So, as you can see, it is impossible to pinpoint exactly how a fashion becomes a trend. What you can know, with certainty, is that it took many professionals in the fashion industry to get you to the cash register with your bohemian-inspired peasant blouse.

White Fang :: essays research papers

White Fang by Jack London, was written in 1906. The story is about a half-wolf, half-dog who is born from a she-wolf. His name is White Fang he is the only survivor of the litter. He becomes a pet of some Indians and becomes a great fighter. A man named Beauty Smith buys White Fang for liquor. Beauty uses White Fang to make money. He arranges fights to let people bet on, White Fang wins them all. Except A pitbull who bites White Fang in the neck and grips on. Finally a man named Weedon Scott punches Beauty and pries the pitbull from White Fang's neck. Weedon and White Fang became best friends, they loved each other. White Fang gets away and the rest of the story is about their friendship. There were many turning points in the story, some are bigger than others. When Weedon first helps White Fang and they become friends is a big turning point in the story. When the Indians first taught White Fang how to fight also was a big turning point because it shows he is wild. Near the end of the story White Fang and Weedon were living in Sierra Vista with Weedon's dad who was a judge. A man named Jim Hall was after Judge Scott, Jim Hall one night broke into their house. White Fang sensed his presence and fought with Jim and killed him. White Fang suffered a gun shot wound but was ok and lived the rest of his days in Sierra Valley. White Fang didn't make me feel any special way, books never make me feel a certain way. Otherwise it reminded me of my Dogs (not that are like White Fang but the bond we have together.) When Weedon saved White Fang made me feel like I'm the same way. Also when White Fang protected the Scott's reminded me of how my dogs would probably do the same thing because they are very protective. My dogs are very important to me just like White Fang was to Weedon. The book was very descriptive and it involved dogs and dogfights and cool stuff like that. On the bad side the book was long (25 chapters long) and very, very boring in some parts. White Fang is for people with a lot of time on their hand they would like to spend reading a book and like outdoor-like books, if you liked Call Of The Wild you probably will like this book.

Modern Living Has Made People Weak, Unhealthy and Disease Prone Essay

Modern living means adopting the western culture, smoking, drinking, eating pizzas and burgers, etc . Working at night times in a BPO or a Call Centre is now a days modern living†¦. people doing night duties don’t get proper sleep and hence leading to sleep disorders . the busy life of people has made them jump to a easier way of living †¦ i. e. , eating the junk or packed food which is full of preservatives . We can see teens and adults smoking in shops, in parties, on roads†¦. It is because of maybe stress or even peer pressure†¦ But smoking reduces 13. 9% of the life†¦.. Isn’t this unhealthy? But modern living makes us obese and also mentally sick as scientifically it is proved that brain automatically relaxes†¦ So the people working in the companies become mentally ill and sick. People have hardly no time for proper exercise and proper food intake. Now a days a walk in the garden has come to a run on the treadmill†¦ You want to go bicycling you go to the gym and that’s the way it goes †¦ exercise is not only for burning fats and carbohydrates but for getting in touch with the fresh morning air which keeps you active the whole day, All the people are trying to turn their simple life into sophisticated living. But people don’t realize that modern living is directly affecting their health. May I ask: Do we have enough time to go for a walk in nature to breathe in clean and fresh air? No, certainly not. The results can be seen in hospitals. Obesity is because of the busy life style which make people to prefer junk foods to save time. I do agree with your point that AC helps us in summer but it reduces CFL which causes holes in the ozone layer which allow the UV rays of the sun to enter the earth and cause skin cancer

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

In Ambrose Bierce’s short story, ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ he uses his setting to carry out the plot of the story better than the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. ’ The words in the short story flow so beautifully, and give such detail as to fully understand the emotions running through Peyton Farquhar’s head as the time progresses to his hanging. In my opinion, the story’s graphic settings and imagery easily grasp the introduction rising action/climax, and conclusion as Ambrose Bierce originally wanted the story to be told. In the introduction of the short story, Bierce tells of a man, soon to be known as Farquhar, standing above a bridge engaged to be hung. As he is waiting for the lieutenant to complete preparations, he lays eyes upon a piece of drift wood in the swirling stream below the bridge. The story then goes into detail about how slowly the stream appeared to be moving the drift wood along, â€Å"He then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream racing madly beneath his feet. A piece of dancing driftwood caught his attention and his eyes followed the current. How slowly it appeared to move! What a sluggish stream! (Literature 71). † However, in the short film it only represents the image of the piece of wood. This driftwood symbolizes the situation he is currently in; that he is in a chaotic predicament but is still able to ‘slowly drift’ through the problem. Therefore the story helps the reader fully grasp the introduction of the story better than the short film. During the middle of the story, before Farquhar’s last moments he thinks about his wife and children only to be interrupted by the sound of his pocket watch. As if time were slowing down in his last seconds, the interval between each tick is symbolic to how little time he has left. â€Å"Striking through the thought of his dear ones was the sound which he could neither ignore nor understand, a sharp, distinct, metallic percussion like the stroke of a blacksmith’s hammer upon the anvil.. the delays became maddening (Literature 72). † In the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ time speeds up and his pocket watch was taken from him by one of the officers, clearly not as in dept to relate why Bierce wrote the pocket watch into the story. Also during the rising action of the written story, it is told in great details of how he plunges into the water, and begins to swim through the stream. When he removes the noose from his neck, he sees himself performing but doesn’t follow through. He commands himself to place the cord back once he feels a sudden pang throughout his body, but his hands disobey him. This gives the reader inside details of the characters internal state, which is not expressed in the short film. Lastly, before it is known that Farquhar has been hung and this was his mind flashing through his last moments of life, the soldiers begin firing guns while he swims to safety downstream. At one point the written story tells of how he is spinning and whirled around in the water; which brings us back to the symbolism of the driftwood in the introduction. He spins round and round like the driftwood, finally caught up and not in control of the predicament he is in. â€Å"He had been caught in a vortex and was being whirled on with a velocity of advance.. spinning like a top (Literature 75). The film does not show the final symbolism of the driftwood and rushes through the stream to only have Farquhar advance to the bank and run through the forest to his wife and children. Therefore, in my opinion, Bierce’s written version of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek,’ uses the setting to advance the story and plot to the readers. It is more in dept and brings all things to light: internal state, physical state, symbolism, and his flashbacks. The introduction, rising action, and conclusion were all better carried out with setting in the written version rather the short film.

Branches of Government Essays - James Madison, United States

Branches of Government Essays - James Madison, United States Branches of Government Branches of Government Before the Constitution was written in 1787, it was inevitable that our nation was headed for failure. The United States government under the Articles of Confederation did not have enough power to control the states or the people; each state was governed by the states own Constitutions. Our nation was growing and a new form of national government was necessary to control the states, the people, and our nations already growing debts. During the Philadelphia convention, delegates formed a powerful government that still allowed states to control their people. Patterson (2009) describes a constitution as ?the fundamental law that defines how a government will legitimately operate ? the method for choosing its leaders, the institution through which these leaders will work, the procedures they must follow in making policy, and the powers they can lawfully exercise.? The United States Constitution defined how our new system of government would function, and this system is known as federalis m. To appease each states concern with possessing such a strong national government, our forefathers divided the government into three different branches ? legislative, judicial, and executive. This system of division is known as checks and balances. With this system of checks and balances, each branch would be able to oversee the other branches to ensure that each branch was complying with the constitution and that no branch would try to take over the country and form a monarchy (Perkel, n.d.). Having three branches of government could become confusing and difficult to control without implementing a set system on how each branch will operate and interact with each other. The Executive Branch of our government is overseen by the president of the United States. The president is the one who enforces the laws that the Legislative Branch makes (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). The Legislative branch of our government is also known as Congress. The Legislative branch (Congress) is divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Together, Congress creates our laws. The representatives are the people who meet to discuss if bills should become laws (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). The last branch of government to discuss is our Judicial Branch that is made up of the Supreme Court and nine Justices. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. This branch of government includes ?special judges who interpret laws according to the Constitution? (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). This interpretation is known as judicial review, ?and it is how federal courts provide checks and balances on the legislative and executive branches? (USA.gov, 2011). There are also lower courts established in each state that hear cases that involve federal issues (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). One may question if this system of government is successful and if the branches power are balanced. Having three separate branches of government is a successful way to balance power. Dixon (2008) simply explains the system that our three branches have: ?One branch puts the idea out to get the idea signed. One makes sure that the job is going to get done, and the other enforces the decision on paper or in court for the ones who don?t agree.? Throughout the years since our Constitution was ratified, our government has had ups and downs. As the ?downs? come along, our government?s system ensures that these problems will be fixed. The problems are fixed not by one branch of government (which could be one sided), but by all three branches. But what about the power that each branch holds - are they really balanced? Whether a person is part of the Legislative, Judicial, or Executive Branch, there are certain powers that each branch of government can do. A member of the House of Representatives cannot walk in the Supreme Court and start making decisions. Same goes for the president, member s of the senate, and the justices ? they each have their own designated power. As easy as this balance of power sounds, there was undoubtedly some conflict between supporters of a strong federal government and champions of states? rights when the government was first formed. When the delegates were forming

The Many French Expressions With Avoir (to Have)

The Many French Expressions With Avoir (to Have) The French verb avoir (to have) is one of the most useful, flexible, and basic verbs in the French language, which probably explains its propensity to pop up in a slew of idiomatic expressions. French idiomatic expressions using avoir take you on a tour of the human condition, from feeling blue to feeling great, having charm to having the giggles, being right to being wrong. Expressions That Use Avoir Here are a few of the many expressions that use avoir. avoir ___ ans  Ã‚  to be ___ years oldavoir    infinitive to have to do somethingavoir beau infinitive despite doing, however much (one) doesavoir besoin de   to needavoir chaud   to be hotavoir confiance en   to trustavoir de la chance   to be luckyavoir du charme   to have charmavoir du chien (informal) to be attractive, have a certain somethingavoir du pain sur la planche (informal) to have a lot to do, have a lot on ones plateavoir du pot (informal) to be luckyavoir envie de   to wantavoir faim   to be hungryavoir froid   to be coldavoir honte de   to be ashamed of/aboutavoir horreur de   to detest/loatheavoir lair (de)  Ã‚  to look (like)avoir la frite  Ã‚  to feel greatavoir la gueule de bois  Ã‚  to have a hangover, to be hungoveravoir la patate   to feel greatavoir le beurre et largent du beurre  Ã‚  to have ones cake and eat it tooavoir le cafard (informal) to feel low / blue / down in the dumpsavoir lesprit de lescalier  Ã‚  to be unable to think of witty comebacks in time avoir le fou rire   to have the gigglesavoir le mal de mer   to be seasickavoir les chevilles qui enflent (informal) to be full of oneselfavoir lhabitude de   to be used to, in the habit ofavoir lheure   to have (know) the timeavoir lieu   to take placeavoir lintention de   to intend / plan toavoir mal la tà ªte, aux yeux, lestomac   to have a headache, a stomachache, eye painavoir mal au cÅ“ur   to be sick to ones stomachavoir peur de   to be afraidavoir raison   to be rightavoir soif   to be thirstyavoir sommeil   to be sleepyavoir tort   to be wrongavoir un chat dans la gorge  Ã‚  to have a frog in ones throatavoir un cheveu (sur la langue) (informal) to lispavoir un petit creux (informal) to be a little hungry / peckishavoir un poil dans la main (informal) to be lazyavoir un trou (de mà ©moire)   to have a memory loss, to have ones mind go blankavoir une dent contre quelquun (informal) to hold a grudge against someoneavoir une faim de lou p (informal) to be ravenous, famished chacun a son goà »t  Ã‚  to each his ownen avoir (familiar) to have gutsen avoir ras le bol (informal)   to be fed upil y a   noun there is, there are ___il y a period of time ___ agonavoir qu infinitive to just / only have to do somethingQuand les poules auront des dents  !  Ã‚  When pigs fly!Un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu lauras.  Ã‚  A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.vendre la peau de lours (avant de lavoir tuà ©)  Ã‚  to count ones chickens (before theyre hatched)

Effects of Font Size in Standardized Testing Research Paper

Effects of Font Size in Standardized Testing - Research Paper Example In an experiment to determine how types of font and font sizes affect people’s ability to read as well as the time they take to read a given piece of writing, researchers reported that font size of 14 is more legible than font size of 12. Similarly, people could read faster under font size 14 as compared to font size 12 (Bernard, Liao and Mills n.p.). This identifies impacts on ability to understand and respond to written materials such as written tests and is essential in determining effectiveness of a test. A test on course content is for example effective when it is free from confounds such as font size barriers. This paper investigates existence of font size effect on standardized tests. It aims at determining existence of a significant relationship between font size in tests and students’ performance. Such a relationship will establish a basis for determination of the most efficient font size for testing potentials and will allow for accurate determination of stude nts’ abilities through written tests. Results of the research are further applicable to employers in their employee selection process. It allows them an efficient basis for determining recruiters’ accurate potentials. ... In this experiment, font size defines the size with which words are presented in tests, while students’ performance defines students’ scores from tests. The research anticipates a significant positive relationship between the variables. Methods Participants The research participants will be a group of psychology students. A sample size of 45 students will be used. Materials Research materials will include sets of examination materials; test papers with different font sizes, answer booklets, and pens. Design The research proposes a quasi-experimental design with a within group testing. The sample will form a single group that will be subjected to repeated tests. Stratified random sampling design will be applied in generating the research sample because of its advantages of generating a representative sample without inducing bias (Lim and Ting 14- 17). Procedure Ethical approval will be obtained for the research before seeking the school administration’s consent fo r implementation. Stratified random sampling method will then be used to select students from different psychology classes but who share a common unit. The sampled students will then be informed of the scope of the research, its application, and involved ethical issues before asking for their voluntary consent to participate. The participants will then be subjected to an examination, under normal test conditions, but with different font size print outs that will be randomly allocated to participants. The fonts will be 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. The procedure will be repeated for four different tests. Quantitative analysis will be used for the data. Descriptive statistics will be generated to identify characteristics of students’ performance by

Are You Living With A Psychopath Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Are You Living With A Psychopath - Essay Example In recognition of those who have been abused, physically, morally or financially, to all of them, especially to Alicia C. Cussi, who lived brutally exploited, stripped and tormented by Teresa. Her own daughter, Alicia, inspired the creation of NEW ERA ELDERLY FOUNDATION, which will open to help to improve the elderly living conditions, preventing any kinds of elderly abuse caused by "family blindness" and excessive confidence to someone who would take advantage and betray the confidence, abusing us them with impunity. A reporter went to Ensenada, Mexico. Once he gets there, he goes to a supermarket. Upon arrival, a vagabond is being handcuffed by the police, being arrested because, being so hungry, he ate a piece of bread in the store. The reporter offers to pay for the bread, only 30 cents, and the guards let the indigent free. The vagabond was sorry and wants to pay the reported back. He pulls from his pocket a Rolex watch that he had tried to pawn only moments earlier; however, from the look of his appearance, the pawn manager had not accepted. The reporter, too, doesn’t accept the watch and he is pushed away by his friends to continue his trip. He keeps an eye on the news and returns many times to Ensenada, but he does not find the man; months after, he finds the vagabond in California. The reporter decides to lead the homeless man through the history and motivation that he has had to fight to build a foundation to prevent the abuse of older people who, like him and his mother, have been abused by a trusted family member.

Discuss how the learning of organisation theories can be of help for Essay

Discuss how the learning of organisation theories can be of help for practitioners, in particular Human Resource Management professionals, based on leadership and organisational culture - Essay Example HRM has materialized to become and grown as one of the most significant aspects of business practice and science. It has not been created in seclusion but quite in the perspective of economic growth and industrial change (Cascio, 2006). The distinctiveness of human resource methods requires a totally separate type of focus from business managers. Human Resource has aspects that offer the greatest challenge together with chances. An organizations HR is delicate with fragile relationship, coupled with unforeseen contributions and permanency is unsure. The important inputs among other elements to a business are its labor resource; individuals bring their skill diversity, expectations, goals and needs. They become mixed into an organization through recruitment with and constant performance in the organizations operations. The perception that organizations possess culture has been recognized through research in developing social environments. Environment and cultures are essential elements of an organization. Organizational culture can be defined as the framework of shared importance carried by people that sets apart one organization from the other. Organizational culture offers workers with a clear meaning of the manner in which business is done in an organization (Ravasi and Schultz, 2006). The idea of culture is viewed as a kind of gap between the business and the individual. Culture creates differences between organizations; it portrays senses of uniqueness for current roles. Culture also improves the creation of loyalty and improves stability of societies. Most importantly culture acts as a control process and a meaningful making. Research into the relationship between organizational culture and its efficiency is narrow by lack of concurrence about the suitable indicators of effectiveness. Researcher’s Peters and Waterman noted that organizations with

Teamwork In Hospitality Industry

Teamwork In Hospitality Industry You have recently joined a large organisation as an assistant to the Human Resource Manager. The Manager, Jayne Staines is very concerned about the way that the staffs do not appear to be working effectively as a team, relying more on individual effort. Jayne has decided to run a series of seminars on team effectiveness and has asked you to research into the operation of teams within the Tourism and Hospitality industry. The division of a company that is focused on activities relating to employees. These activities normally including recruiting and hiring of new employees, orientation and training of current employees, employee benefits, and retention (BusinessDictionary.com, 2010) Human resource is the most difficult work in all departments but it is the most important and necessary for the organization. The whole department is made to maintain the proper place for the human within the organization. It is very important in the tourism and hospitality industry. So, the person who work in human recourse is called a human resource (HR) manager, he/ she should be very equal to the task. Staffing is the main and hard job for the HR manager. Human resource manager should be well educated and may have knowledge about the how to handle the problem when recruiting and hiring of new employee. And he/she have to be able to handle a crisis in a smooth and discreet manner. If in the hotel, there is a proper human resource management (HRM), the hotel will run smoothly and can achieve its goal. There are several different areas in HRM is very important they are as follows, When recruiting and hiring the new employee the human resource manager should be very careful when choosing the new staff for the hotel. The manager should choose the person who is very smart, dedicated to work and suitable for the job. Employee progression and promotion is another large issue for the hotel industry. For the progress and promotion the employee should be well trained in some skills. The manager should provide the personal skill training for the advanced position. Providing training and orientation to the new employee how to work in the organisation and orientation of the hotel is to provide the knowledge to the new employee by showing them the hotel as a whole. 1.2 DEFINITION OF TEAMWORK AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/teamwork.html The process of working collaboratively with a group of people, in order to achieve a goal. Teamwork is often a crucial part of a business, as it is often necessary for colleagues to work well together, trying their best in any circumstance. Teamwork means that people will try to corporate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. A majority of a people organized to achieve a common goal is called team. Without the team no work can be done or can be success. The cooperative effort of a team is called teamwork. It plays a vital role in hospitality industry without the effective teamwork no work can be success. Teamwork means a majority of people using the individual skills and cooperative effort to achieve a common goal of the business. To maintain standard, quality and the good service of the hospitality business there should be the teamwork. Sometime, the individual shouldnt able to make a decision towards the problem which arises in the hospitality industry such as the decreasing rate of the share of the industry that time, if they create a meeting of the shareholder and try to control the decreasing rate of the share by discussing in the favour of the industry. They can implement the problem with the help of the team member and find out the problem where is the crucial point they have to focus. In this way they can solve there problem by teamwork.So, Teamwork is the very important in the hospitality industry. 2. THE STRUCTURE OF TEAMS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY (May Lilly, 2005) A team structure is a design in which an organization is made up of teams, and each team works towards a common goal. In the Tourism and Hospitality industry, the organisation designs the team structure to achieve the common goal. And the goal is to provide a good service to the customer, make them satisfied. For this, there should be well design team structure which helps team to perform effectively. Since, the organization is made up of groups to perform the functions of the company, teams must perform well because they are held accountable for their performance. To, be a successful, program team must coordinate its activities and interdependent deliveries, effectively communicate what is being accomplished as well as roadblocks, and collectively solve problems and make decisions that support the program objectives. (Beverly Amer, 2009) For this, there are many types of teams in an organization. The easiest way to classify teams is in the term of created as part of the organizations formal structure and those created to increase employee participation. Vertical team structure,: A vertical team sometimes called a functional team, has a manager and subordinate workers from the same department in the companys hierarchy who works together to accomplish everyday work tasks. The member is in charge and directs the workers as they complete their tasks. This type of team has a much longer life because the work is not single-goal oriented. Horizontal team structure: A horizontal team has members from roughly the same level within an organization. Virtual team structure: A virtual team is one whose members rarely, if ever, meet in person to work on team tasks.Instead, technology makes it possible for members to be geographically distant yet work as if everyone was in the same room. All the above mentioned three types of team structure helps to maintain the relationship between the team member .It helps to organize the company in right way to run smoothly and helps to achieve the goal. In the hospitality business, it is the most important things to minimise the problem, which arise without the good team structure. If there is the team structure, every team member knows what their job is and how to accomplish the work tasks. Team structure managed the working system of the company. In tourism and hospitality industry customers are the main priority. If they are satisfied the company will run smoothly and make a profit. Therefore, to run the Tourism and hospitality industry smoothly there should be the well managed team structure. 3. THE PURPOSE OF TEAMS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY The hospitality business main motive is to achieve the goal of the business and to satisfy the customers. There should be the well team structure for the well manage working environment in the business. The purpose of creating teams is to provide the framework that will increase the ability of employees to participate in planning, problem solving and decision making to better serve customers. (About.com, 2010) Purpose is a vital ingredient of a successful team. It gives the team direction and offers each member a sense of value and commitment. In the hospitality industry the purpose of creating teams is to provide the framework which helps to increase the ability of employee. Purpose of teams in tourism and hospitality industry is as follows, Better understanding of decisions It helps employee increasing the participation in better understanding of decisions. Team of the hospitality industry have to make a decision when implementing the problem which arises in the hospitality industry. They should have to make the right decision to solve the problem. Creating team is to provide a teamwork That increases the ability of employee to more support and participation in implementation plans to better serve to customers. Increase competition to problem solving and decision making It creates the competition and increase the better performance of team member on problem serving and for the correct decision towards the tasks. More ownership of decisions, processes ,and changes Improving the more ownership nature while making the decision, processing the tasks and creating the changes while needed within the tasks. Above mentioned point is the purpose of team an organization. In the hospitality industry al the purpose of teams are same as above mentioned. Purpose of teams create a better performance of employee in planning, decision making and implement the tasks of the industry to better serve customers. 4. THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAM IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY (Takanomi Ltd, 2010) At first it is very necessary to understand the factors that impact the performance of the team when improving teams effectiveness. Then after the team member can determine when and what team development is needed. To function effectively they must manage how they interact with the rest of the organisation. In Richard Beckhard (optimising Team Building efforts, Journal of contemporary Business, summer 1972) states that for teams to be effective they must manage four areas internal to the team: goal, roles, processes and relationships.Futher research has identified a fifth factor impacting performance: how the team manages its interaction with the organisational environment. Within these factors is a hierarchy with some factors affecting all of the others. These all five factors become the focus of the manager who wants to raise team performance, because teams that effectively manage these areas function more effectively than teams that do not. The five factors that influence the effectiveness of team are as follows, Goal is the main thing which the team have to accomplish. To be effective team, they have to aware about the goal and have to manage it. There should be the clear definition of the goal, understand and communicated with all other members. There should be amount of ownership of team goals. The extent to which goals are shared and which are conflict. If the goals are unclear or not communicate, it affects the team and the goals should not be achievable. Roles define who does what on the team. There are several questions like as, What they or other members have to do to accomplish the task? What is their responsibility towards the tasks and what is the limitation of authority? These questions should be in the members mind when accomplishing the task. There should be the discussion between new and old team member for defining the roles and responsibilities. Difference expections may occur conflict among team members when two or more team members working together. Work Processes is the way how members work together. Once the team members know about the goal and the roles, they must determine how they will work together. In the several working method they have to consider like as, when making decision all the team members have to participate. There should be the knowledge about to whom, by what method, when and how frequently they communicate each other. When organizing the meeting -what is the team trying to accomplish? There should be the leaders to take a decision towards the situation. If the meetings are poorly attended by the team member and the decision making is dominated by one or two people and take action without informing among member, it should be ineffectiveness team. Relationship is the quality how to interact among the team members. When working as a team member there should be the good working relationship between the team members. Sometimes there should be the conflict arise of the bad personality. That time manager has to take action to solve the conflict. If there is the feeling of competitive between the team member and the personality conflicts will harm to the team and create a partition in the team. Environmental Influences is the factor which effects the organization and the outside on team performance. The policies and procedures and systems within an organization can either support or hinder a teams effectiveness. Such as giving the reward system individually not to the all team memners.Because of this the member doesnt effort to accomplish the task effectively. In the Tourism and hospitality industry all the 5 factors are Goal, Roles, Work Processes, Relationship and Environmental influences influence the effectiveness of teams. PART 2: TEAMWORK AT ORIENTAL BUFFET 5. INTRODUCTION Oriental Buffet is known as variety of food in one place. With more than 50 dishes available, there should be something to suit every taste. There are Indian and Thai curries alongside traditional Chinese food, as well as range of Singaporean and Malaysian food, including crispy duck, prawns and mussels which are available in the evenings. Amber gurung is the owner of the oriental buffet and there is no share holder of the restaurant. It is located at 18-20 Rendezvous street, Folkestone, Kent, CT20 1RW which is in the central of town. It is a very successful buffet restaurant and more then five years, it has built an enviable reputation among its loyal customers. [Oriental Buffet, 2010] Oriental Buffet, [2010] says the teamwork in the restaurant helps to provide the good service to the customer which increases the restaurant sells. Here, staffs from different country works, thats how it is called the industry of multicultural. All the staffs are well trained by the restaurant so as to reduce the conflict among the people or staffs. Here the members are working as teamwork. They support and help each other while working together. 5.1 ROLES AND RESPONSOBILITIES OF TEAM IN ORIENTAL BUFFET Teamwork is very important in any organization for its good operation. The relationship between the staff member should be good. If one staff is over loaded when restaurant is busy and the other help him to provide the fast and good service to the customer. Oriental buffet is serve the variety food of different countries to the customer .To provide the good service and quality food to the customer there should be effective teamwork. Otherwise the customers unsatisfied and it does create loss in business. In the Oriental buffet, there are classifications of staff member such as, Manager, Assistant Manager, bar staffs, kitchen staffs, floor staffs. They all work in a team and try to implement the problem by discussion and making the right decision when needed. Roles of the team member play a vital role to create an effective teamwork. In the Oriental buffet the relationship among the staff member is very nice. So, for the effective teamwork the team member have to familiar with their roles and responsibilities. Each and every member role is effective in the buffet. Some of the roles of team member are as follows, Listen to the manager and supervisor and stay open to their ideas. Assist the team leader with managing meetings and with discussions. Communicate effectively with colleagues. Dedicated to the work and share the knowledge to implement the problem arise Roles and responsibilities are related each other. A role comes first and then responsibility take placed. Every staff has their particular role in the company and their responsibility as well. The manager of buffet manages the whole working process and assist as a leader. In the buffet, the manager role is to supervise the working process of every staff in their own field and his/ her responsibility is to manage the working process of staffs. Manager has to examine in every field such as bar section, kitchen section and floor section. His responsibility is handling the problem, which arise within the restaurant, look after the working process of the staffs (the work is done by the staff or not).If any customer complain about the service of the restaurant he/she have to solve the problem in a descent way. When providing the good service to the customer, every staff should have to play their effective role and responsibility in their filed. In the buffet, the entire staff member work in a team and they focus on the providing the quality food and good service to the customer. All the staffs work as a team to effective performance of the restaurant. So, all staff has their role and responsibility in their field within the restaurant. 5.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND THE TEAM OBJECTIVES (Nick Heap, 2004) Objectives are the specific goal that the team will accomplish in a fixed amount of time. These objectives flow the teams purpose. Each one moves you toward your vision. It supports the teams vision and purpose and the company or Department objectives. Team objectives are the specific goal that the team will accomplish in a fixed amount of time. It is the basis of the teams planned work. To perform the work effectively and accomplish the goal of the company at the time frame, the team objective should be there. Team objectives are very important because it provide the basis for talent and resource planning. Every work can be done properly when there are plans for the work done. The team objectives are the specific goal and the team member role and responsibility is to achieve the goal by effective performance and in a fixed amount of time. So, the relationship between the team objectives and its role and responsibility is very important in an organization. Team objectives support the teams vision and purpose and they are the basis of the teams planned work. If the employee gets the starting point for their objectives set as part of the performance management process, they can easily implement their tasks and can success to achieve the goal. In the Oriental buffet, the team objectives is to make the customer happy and satisfied and run the business smoothly and to make the profit.Therefore,the staffs work in a team by helping each other to work effectively and perform well. Making the profit by selling the food of the buffet and satisfied the customers. Oriental buffet serve the quality food and good service to the customer in affordable price. Every customer visit the restaurant because buffet provide the variety of food and good service .For the providing the good service all staffs has to know their role and responsibilities and team objectives. 5.3 IDENTIFY LINES OF AUTHORITY AND EXPLAIN THEIR PURPOSE (WordPress.com, 2008) Line authority is the most fundamental authority within an organization, reflects existing superior- subordinate relationships. It consists of the right to make decisions and to give order concerning the production, sales or finance related behaviour of subordinates. Line authority is a power to give advice, support and service to line departments. Staff manager dont command others. Line manager are responsible for attaining the organizations goals as efficiently as possible. Line authority flows down the chain of commands. Line authority is the right to carry out assignments and exact performance from other individuals. For example, line authority gives a production supervisor the right to direct an employee to operate a particular machine, and it gives the vice president of finance the right to request a certain report from a department head. Therefore, line authority gives an individual a certain degree of power relating to the performance of an organizational task. (Advameg, Inc, 2010) Line authority is the authority that allows managers to direct others and to make decisions on the organization operations. In the buffet ,line authority is a power to give the authority to the head chef to direct the kitchen staff to prepare the quality food and it gives the authority to floor head to direct the employee whether the customer are happy or satisfy with their service style of the floor staffs or not. If there is any problem related their field, they have the authority about the taking the decision in related field. Line of authority purpose is to help the staff in the process of achieving the goal of the restaurant. It helps the team member to be an effective teamwork. 6. CONCLUSION Part 1: Human resource is managing the people who worked in an organisation as an employee and human resource management helps to run the Tourism and Hospitality industry smoothly and can achieve its goal. Team is a majority of people organized to achieve a common goal. Teamwork is a group of people work together to accomplish the goal. If there is a teamwork any kind of difficult work can done by the discussion and the individual idea of the team members. Team structure determines the work of the team member in the entire departments. It is design for the better performance of the team member. There are many types of team structure such as vertical, horizontal and virtual team structure. The purpose of creating team is to provide a framework and increase the ability of employees to participate in planning, problem solving and decision making to better serve customers. There are some factors which influence the effectiveness of team they are goal, roles, work processes, relationship and environmental influence. Part 2: Oriental buffet is a successful buffet restaurant because there is teamwork. Teamwork is very important in any organization fir its good operation. Roles and responsibilities are related each other. Each team member knows their roles and responsibilities which create a better performance to achieve the goal. Team objectives should be clear to the team member and the team objectives are the specific goal which they have to accomplish by performing effectively working in teamwork. Team objectives can achieve if there is the correct role and responsibility of team member. Line of authority is a power to give advice, support and service to line departments and its purpose is to help the staff in the process of achieving the goal of the restaurant. If there is teamwork and the team member knows their roles and responsibilities and the team objectives the team member perform better to achieve the goal and the goal is to make the customer satified.If the customers are satisfied they visit t he restaurant regularly and the restaurant can make the profit.

Survivor :: Personal Narrative Judaism Papers

Survivor I walk. I wake. I work, when I want to. I create uneven labyrinths of letters, I word. He worded and He created what He called earth, water, and swamp. I sink as I drown in that swamp, the same slick color as my patent green boots. I stomp on my existence. My father called them Nazi boots. He wasn’t trying to be provocative; that’s how boots look to him. That’s how I look at a pile of shoes, a serial number, even a bar of soap. That’s how I look at an Aleph, the first of Hebrew letters, the sound that precedes speech; its arms grow rigid revealing the swastika tattooed upon my memory. When they teach us what it means to be a Jew, they coat the letters in honey, and coax us to lick it off. A sticky, suffocating sweetness clings to us as we learn to read and later still as we try to escape who we are, but can’t. My education is not tied to those books, but to my self, myself as I march up narrow staircases of apartments atop stores atop Brooklyn cellars, numbers on my grandmother’s arm as she washes the dishes and uses her own thumb as a pincushion. She can’t distinguish pain from life. She used to urge my aunts to keep on sewing. â€Å"Arbeit Macht Frei,† she said. Work frees. Iron gates and barbed wire. I stick myself with a safety pin and I bleed. My grandmother chuckles generously at my soft, suburban, spoiled hands. She would get me a Band-Aid but doesn’t know where she keeps them. The pressure stops the bleeding, and I get into my father’s car. Go home. Sometimes I can’t tell whether persecution is an interruption of freedom, or if freedom is just how oppression looks from the perspective of the oppressor. The massah experiences subjugation as luxury. I scrub my own arms, trying to wash off the stain of white privilege, to find the Negro slave underneath. I breathe. I bathe. I believe. Sometimes I wonder what I believe. I wonder if I’m that homeless guy that I saw clutching his Bible. Inheriting the earth. Do I truly believe that God rewards the faithful and punishes the blind? Does this anonymous man deserve only 17 cents in a cup, while I have merited my $38,564 a year?

Defining Abnormality Essay

Psychologist, for years have given their theory on normal and abnormal behavior, but all the studies they have done seems to give more evidence to prove what make each individual do what they do and why. In the normal and abnormal behavior we use all research and take all of its studies into consideration and apply it to why such behaviors have occurred. Reading this paper you can see that there are many experiments that challenge the theory of behavior no matter if it’s normal or abnormal. We will clarify some of the challeges as we define and classify both normal and abnormal behavior when we look at the challenges in Culture, gender and sexual preferences/practices and religion. Cultural normal and abnormal behaviors Culture is a challenge to abnormal behavior because these behaviors establish through socio-cultural traditions. The sociocultural perspective explains that abnormal behaviors are a result of family influences and social forces. Similar to the behavioral perspective, socio-cultural theorists believe mental disorders are learned behaviors. They tend to focus on social class, gender, and ethnicity in the explanation of mental disorders. An understanding of one’s sociocultural forces is also taken into consideration concerning abnormal behavior and its cultural challenge. Social forces, such as the media, social change, pressures, poverty, and social institutions are examples of how mental disorders are distinct or classified in culture. Family perspectives challenge abnormalities because they are complex systems. Because families are a representation of stability, any type of disruption could result in an emotional disorder. Culture puts a limit on abnormality because social norms tend to change over time. Cultural relativism holds the idea that normal or acceptable behavior are determined by society. Every society has its own views about what is normal and what is abnormal. For in instance, in the past Greeks thoughts people who heard voices was evidence of divine prophecy, yet today this is a sign of schizophrenia (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Culture bound disorders or abnormal behaviors practiced by a specific culture do not fit into the usual categories of the DSM-IV categories because the practices pertain to a particular group of people (Simons, 1996-2012). Given that the sociocultural perspective explains abnormal behavior is learned; treatment consists of switching the rewards and punishers in the environment and changing the bad habits that causes these behaviors (Learn Maximum, 2011). Mind/body normal and abnormal behavior Abnormal thoughts can have an important impact on the body. The mind/body connection is very strong. Constantly thinking negative thoughts can either perpetuate an already existing illness or bring illness on. Worrying all of the time can bring on anxiety that can cause other problems, such as high blood pressure and heart problems if not treated. Hypochondria are a condition brought about from abnormal thinking. Hypochondria are a disorder where a person thinks he or she has a life-threatening illness, but in actuality, are completely healthy physically. Other symptoms are, worrying about minor problems and linking them to life-threatening illnesses, seeing doctors numerous times to have tests, such as MRI’s and echocardiograms, switching doctors because the current doctor will not diagnose the patient with an illness, constantly talking to family and friends and suspected illnesses, continually checking their bodies for sores and lumps, checking vital signs, such as pulse and blood pressure on a frequent basis, and believing that they have disease after hearing or reading about it. There are several ways to recognize if thought are abnormal and could be hypochondria or if they are normal reactions and are in need of a doctor’s attention. Sometimes symptoms exist in actuality and a doctor cannot identify those symptoms. This can cause anxiety as well that can lead to other health problems. If a person can locate the illness that goes along with his or her symptoms, this usually means that he or she are normal and not hypochondriac. It is important to take an active role in recognizing mental and physical health to get the help needed. Recognizing when it is time to go to a medical doctor or psychiatrist is important to mental and physical health (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Religious normal and abnormal behavior The article of studying the specificity of spirituality: lessons from the psychology of religion discuss how the psychology of religion studies the specificity of spirituality. One major issues is how psychology contributes to the assessment, exploration, and explanation acts and activities of the specificity of religious and spiritual. There have been discussions for a long time about substantive vs. unctional definitions of the scientific study of religion (Platvoet & Molendijk, 1999). A substantive definition of religion is looking at religion as a type of philosophy or a basic understanding of nature and reality, which has nothing to do with our social or psychological lives. Functionalist definitions of religion are people belief either in social life, in society. Spirituality is cultural experiences that consists of different acts and activities in a certain spiritual tradition, which can be normal for some people or abnormal. Psychology of religion is a Western enterprise, in the East elaborate but different psychologist exists (cf. , e. g. , Paranjpe, 1998). Spirituality has different specificity, spiritual acts, and activities which associated to what people consider the act of transcending. One of the tasks psychology has is to comprehend the accuracy of human lives as well as in religion and spirituality, all spiritual acts, and activities are not alike. Psychologists involved in the study of the specificity of spirituality should go beyond with his or her research and understand the peculiarities, such as what they bestow. The clarification they offer for the behaviors and activities are so that people can understand the involvement and the type of meaning they bestow. Conclusion As we have demonstrated the challenges in classifying and defining normal and abnormal behavior because it is always changing and giving new research they have conducted in their study to indicate what is normal/ abnormal and how to identify from each of the behaviors.

Automobile Industry Essay

†¢Key drivers of the automobile sector are economic conditions, governments and regulations, consumer demands and interests, globalization and technological innovations †¢Generally, if the economic conditions are constant and good, people will seems willing to buy vehicles more than ever in all around world. In contrast, if economic conditions are bad, sales graphs will reverse and companies start to lose money. Firms should decide right production numbers in every condition and this capacity exactly depends on economic circumstances. †¢People are more conscious about what they except from a car and firms must satisfy these needs to survive in this sector. Even luxury automotive brands start to produce low fuel consumptions engines, otherwise they will collapse rapidly. †¢As usual, globalization is one of the crucial key drivers of automobile industry like every sector. After the globalization, brands start to do partnerships with each other to enter the different markets and they develop new technological innovations more cheap and useful all around the world. †¢In addition to these factors, governments’ regulations are one of the major determinants of global auto industry. The country’s’ legislation about emissions, environment and recycling are the key factors of brands investments. In European Union, the mutual regulations order that emission rate is lower than other regions and as a result of that firms should produce accordingly to these legislations. The Automobile Market †¢The automobile industry has become important after the globalization because people want to travel with more comfortably, safely and rapidly with their cars. Concordantly, while automobile sector is developing in every part of it, the global transportation sector benefit from positively. For instance; Rolls-Royce is producing both plane and car motors and Volvo is producing car and sea boats engines too. So, firms help to enlarge and develop in every transportation tools, not only cars. †¢The automobile industry consists of fuel, tire, and insurance firms. Also, mostly the luxurious brands are working with ranking fashion companies such as; Gucci(Fiat) and Hermes(Bugatti) and sound system companies like as; Bang & Olufsen (Audi, Mercedes, BMW, Aston Martin) and Naim (Bentley). †¢On the other hand, after the globalization, automobile brands start to work together in some regions all around the world. They invest more money on R&D departments and sharing their knowledge to improve all transportation vehicles. †¢Germany, United States, Japan and Korean producers are the bestsellers all around the world. These countries mostly take control all over the world. Such as: Volkswagen is one of the biggest companies in automobile sector and it has got several brands such as; Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti and Seat. Company produces car for every segment. †¢In addition, especially for the last decade, market start to tend to produce more clean motors which do not harm to the environment. Also, they try to produce completely using electricity engines for all vehicles and using solar panels. As a result of that, the concept of climate change cause occurs a new market in automobile sector. Key Country Markets †¢In this chapter of report, I will mention about Japan, United States, Germany and Korean automotive producers because Toyota and Honda from Japan are the best and most well-known brands, Volkswagen from Germany is the head of locomotive in this industry for all parts of it, GM and Ford are the biggest companies from United states and Hyundai, which is becoming more powerful in everyday from Korea. †¢Volkswagen is the second best seller in 2012 after the GM and they are in front of Toyota. Generally, German cars are best vehicles that showed by automobile specialists from all over the word in every segment. Volkswagen, (if we look at the Exhibit 1) has got several different brands like; Lamborghini, Bentley, Audi, Bugatti, Skoda and Seat. They have product range from low-consumption cars to the luxury vehicles, as a result of that they are producing well- quality vehicles. †¢Toyota and Honda are the most favorable brands from Japan against to American and German manufacturers. Toyota Corolla is the world’s best seller mass production model and Toyota has got successful models as like Corolla too. In addition, Honda is one of the biggest and accomplished gasoline engine producers. Also, these two Japan brands are investing their money on hybrid and electric motor more than ever other brands. †¢GM is best seller brand in 2011, they sold approximately ten million cars and they have got various vehicle models. GM has got various brands such as; Chevrolet, Opel, Vauxhall, GMC, Buick and Cadillac. Also Ford is the one of the biggest key driver of the market. †¢Hyundai is one of the most developing auto brands for last decade. They start to produce well engines, comfortable and good looking cars. On the other hand, Hyundai is one of the biggest partnerships of Kia (%49. 2) which is the second biggest brand from Korea. †¢As we can see clearly, these 6 brands from 4 country of the world are the leaders of this sector. Also, they own various brands in their group and they are using this superiority against to the other brands. Sector Trends †¢Brands should produce low-consumption engines and obey emission and governments’ regulations to survive. †¢Nearly all automotive producers are using same technology on their vehicles; they need to work on these researches together to be more beneficial for humanity. For instance; Mercedes-Benz and BMW are sharing R&D departments studies with each other and both of them working together to develop new technologies. †¢People are expecting more useful cars from producers like, they want both athletic and reliable vehicles, as a result of that firms has got new opportunities to create new model segments based on these requirements. †¢Transportation vehicles are developing in every day and automobiles is one of the crucial parts of this situation. Firms are increasing their sales number in every year and they need to satisfy their customers’ requirements in a perfect way. †¢Climate change is one of the determinants of this sector, so firms should pay attention to this issue seriously, they need to obey governments’ regulations and produce new technologies which will be not harmful for nature. †¢Hybrid and electric engines will be the most popular trends in this sector next decades; people would prefer clean engines and low-priced energy, so sector must be improved itself rapidly. Key Success Factor. †¢In this sector there are several success factor which is decided by people and worlds’ requirements; †¢Firms must produce more secure cars because, if we compare transportation systems, motorway is the most dangerous one and, the number of accidents’ proofs it. Brands should work together on security services. For instance; Volvo which is one of the securest brand on the world, claims that after 2020, any people will die in a traffic accident that drive a Volvo. †¢Engines success based on the fuel-efficiency, not harmful for the environment and being long-life. These conditions should be priority for brands R&D departments. †¢Practicality needs to be developing parallel with previous items. People do not want to send various tools in the future; they will only buy contently vehicles. The Future Outlook and Expectations of Automobile Sector †¢People will need cars in the future more than now, producers’ need to satisfy this demand with new technology engines, they should create alternative energy resources which will be not harmful for the environment and firms need to develop safety features to prevent traffic accidents. †¢In the future people need transportation systems because of the longer distances, in every transportation way need to develop it. †¢Brands need to improve driverless vehicles because market will tend in that way. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW The Automotive Industry Overview The automotive industry is one of the crucial sectors for humanity and it has been developing from industrial revolution to now. After the first engine was discovered in 1885 by Karl Benz, engineers found various inventions to make easier of people life. Industry had developed too much nowadays, engineers work on different technological tools and they need to show pay attention many different regulations in today’s world. At the beginning, the most important part was the engine but now automotive industry involves a wide range of business lines such as; manufacture, design, development, marketing and selling motor vehicles, motorcycles. Last year, there were approximately one billion cars which are registered on the world and this number is increasing sharply year by year. Parallel with that, consumes gasoline and diesel fuel multiply with every new car addict to the traffic. On the other hand, this sector employees thousands of people and creates new opportunities to undeveloped countries. In addition to these information’s about automobile sector, we should absolutely mention about the economy of which it creates and process. Currently, mostly the all automotive brands are owned by developed countries and they made their substructure investments all around the world, especially undeveloped countries. After the globalization, firms decide to set-up their factories at low skilled labor force countries. However, this decision affects both sides positively, producer’s limits cost and undeveloped countries’ economies start to develop. According to the OICA (The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers that, â€Å"If vehicle manufacturing was a country it would be sixth largest economy in the world. † in 2007. This shows that the contribution of automobile industry to the undeveloped countries’ economies. Also, the industries turnover 2 trillion dollars and if we comparing of this turnover of GDP with other economies in the world, proof that it can compete economic power of Italy, France or the UK. India is one of the greatest examples of the success at their economic improvement. Tata Motors, which Indian automobile brand owned Jaguar and Land Rover last year and they developed it perfectly in 2 years. After these 2 years, Jaguar and Land Rover increased their profitability nearly in half and when we think about these two brands are luxury brands, these numbers are spectacular. On the other hand, firms expanding nearly 85 billion dollars on Research & Development departments. These budgets shaped by customer’s demand, so this sector is one of the innovative ones and it still produce new technologies. However, automobile sector has got unfavorable situations like; economic crises. If we make a research about when firms sales numbers decreased or companies made loss we will realize that on that era, world or the some regions is in economic crises. For instance; last biggest economic crises in 2008, when we look at the production number, it will decrease nearly %12. 7 compare to the previous year. These numbers are same with the other economic crises and automobile sector affect from them firstly. Key Country Markets United States. Todays’ world America is the one of the world’s biggest automotive producer with two brand; GM and Ford. GM has got various sub-brands in itself from different segments. These two brands sell their cars all over the world and both of them are most knowable automobile producers. However, in 2008, worlds’ biggest economic crises occurred GM was nearly bankrupt in an unbelievable way. This means, world would lost one of the old and essential brands, thousands of people would lost their job and American economy got hurt again after the Lehman Brothers. Hopefully; government decided to help GM and they saved the firm quickly. Japan Toyota is the most valuable automobile producer in the world; its net value is 131 billion dollars. Also one of the models, Corolla is the best seller model one the world and it has been sold nearly forty million from 1966 to 2012. In addition to the Toyota, Honda is another successful Japan auto brand too. They have got accomplished sales numbers and firm is producing one of the best gasoline engines. According to the consumers, Toyota could be the best competitor against to the German auto makers. Firm is producing in same quality with Germans but they are selling them cheaper than German brands. This is Toyotas’ major successful strategy also, company uses Japans’ engineering and technology which is the worlds’ best ones. They produced worlds’ first hybrid car and investing a huge part of their money on electric, clean and cheap motors. Germany The locomotive of the industry is Volkswagen right now and it will not change for two or three decades. Only the Volkswagens’ value is 76. 3 billion dollars and company has got several brands like; Audi (28. 5 billion$), Porsche (15.3billion$), Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti, Seat and Skoda. This German brand is producing most usable models with low-consumption engines, low prices and the safety of German engineering. Volkswagen is shaping the trends of the industry and other brands are following it right now. Firm has got different models from every consumer group and they make it an opportunity to be successful in the future. Korean Asia’s’ economy is the world’s fastest growing economy in nowadays. They are growing better than Europe and United States, as a result of those brands of this region are developing too. Hyundai is only the one of them; they are creating new models, developing current models and enter new markets. The firm move considerably forward when we compare a decade ago, their substructure and technological systems improver very well, also; they are producing more reliable and comfortable vehicles. This Korean brand will be one of the serious auto brands in the future if they are going in that way. Economic Impact of Automobile Sector The automotive industry has a big impact on every economy, it consist nearly every economy in the world. Every country in the world has got a part from this sector and thousands of people work in this industry. It is really crucial for transportation sector because, firms are using or developing same motors on different transportation vehicles. On the other hand, auto sector has got great impact on countries economy. If a country has got a factory or some service area about this sector, it will include a huge part of country’s’ economy. For instance; America worked really hard to save GM from the 2008 economic crises, they spend too much money because, if GM bankrupted, America’s economy will affect in deeply (if we look at Exhibit 3). Also, Ford decide to sale Aston Martin and Volvo at this era, these two brand had not good sales number and they will be harmful for the company if they do not sale them. Automobile brands have a great impact on country’s economy just like banks, executives should be careful about this issue seriously because it can be affect from economic crises easily so, they need to take a decision in long-term. Market Segmentation The automobile industry has a got long operation process; it has various segments in it. Firstly, R & D department research what people need or what they want from a vehicle. After that, this part start to make prototypes or create stereotypes which engineers and designers can build on these examples. Designers work on cars aerodynamic, shape and how it looks. In addition, engineers work on substructure parts of the car such as; lights, engine, transmission and safety systems. While they are producing this prototype, they do various tests on car and finally they can send it to the dealers. Dealers, order number of cars and they prepare launches to introduce cars to the customers. After the sale of car, the service department starts to interest with car. They call them to the services periodically and customers can visit them anytime they have a problem with their car. Consequently, this industry has got major segment such as; R & D department, designing and crating new technologies, before sale and bring together with market and customers. Finally, service department take care about our cars problem. Five Force Analyses Threats of New Entrants The automobile sector is could be most risky market on the world because you need to much money to invest on it, heritage is really important for customers and this sector is the first sector that affected from economic crises. Otherwise, without any new technology or price policy you will not survive much long and if someone decides to build up an automobile company, he/she will definitely work with local government. On the other hand, if someone wants to get this sector, he/she has got a change with new technological features. For instance; Fisker and Tesla are the new entrants at this sector and they invest their money on clean, hybrid and electrical engines. They also try to design good-looking car with solar panels and other recyclable energies. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In this case bargaining power of suppliers is not really strong. It is not powerful as healthcare sector or another sector because if people do not want to buy a private car, they can choose other transportation ways or the can choose nothing. However, in healthcare sector people absolutely need doctors, hospitals or medicine to survive but it is not same for this sector. In addition, globalization affect make peoples’ life easier and humans are used to it and buying a private car became a priority after purchasing a house. Generally, if a person owns a house, he/she will buy a car with how much money he/she got. This is the strongest part of the sector; unfortunately it has got negatives parts too. Bargaining Power of Buyers These sectors’ trends and demand is shaped by customer’s preferences, so the bargaining power of buyers is really strong. If humans do not like a model, they will not buy it and producers stop to produce it but if they like it producer need to produce it as much as it can to be successful. Right now, the demand on this sector is low-consumption engines and be not harmful to the environment so producers start to produce models and engines in this way, otherwise they cannot be able to sell a car. Availability of Substitutes In automobile industry, the availability of substitutes is not actually but there is only one way to change it is create new substructure concepts in the sector. For instance; Tesla and Fisker do that in a perfect way, they only focus on hybrid and electric engines and people recognize them with these concepts at everywhere. You cannot change industry but you can be able to change its direction. Intensity of Existing Rivalry There are many brands on the market, even in one country own more than one automobile brand, as a result of that the intensity of existing rivalry is really high. As I mentioned before that, there are five leader brands in the market but other big or small brands are successful as like them too. The most important think is the design of the automobile but now it has got no meaning because firms are usually work with same designers and models are not changing too much even in different brands. However, the most competitive concept is price policy according to the government’s tax payments systems. Key Success Factors for Automobile Sector There are different types of key success factor for automobile sector are based on the region, substructure features, purchase power. Producers need to show pay attention to these factors because it will determinate their sales numbers and profitability. The most important factor knows the region very well. I mean dealers and head quarter of the brand should be aware of the consumers’ requirements. Also they need to sale cars which are not be against to the governments’ legislations. For instance; European Union has got sharp and certain laws about carbon dioxide emission, so dealers need to focus on engines which are consuming few. However, United States not sign Kyoto Protocol, so they do not have any legislation for emissions right now, dealers can focus on high mass engines. In addition to the region, substructure features are crucial for auto makers because people always want to buy a car which has got advanced features even they will never use them. However, conscious consumer will demand low-consumption engines and brands need to produce engines according to that demand. In other words, firms need to decide their target audience perfectly and producing substructure features with these conditions. Lastly, the third factor is purchase power. In my opinion, this factor is the most crucial determinant in this sector because every brand starts to produce in same quality vehicles. However they need to know country’s economies and sale their models in that way (if we look at Exhibit 4). For instance; America one of the highest purchase power countries in the world and they really like to own cool, luxurious and spectacular cars, they can buy two three or even more than these number cars. In contrast, European nations have got the same purchase power but they want to buy one or two cars and they are looking to being useful, low consumption and quality vehicles. The Future of Automobile Sector In the future, transportation systems will be developing in all around the world because people want to move from A to B faster, comfortably, safely and cheaply. Producers need to know these requirements and produce car with these features. Firstly, brands need to focus on low-consumption cars, I mean hybrid and electric engines because they are cheaper than current technology and governments provide laws for this situation. Secondly, they need to produce safety cars than now because people will demand on secure system in the future. On the other hand, they need to produce usable cars such as Audis’ All Road, they have been developed for all road conditions and you can use them only in one car. Consequently, people will never forget or reject driving a car but producers need to answer climate, people and governments requirements. If someone produce a car with low price and costs with cover a long distance in a comfortably they will become the most successful brand in the world.