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Cisco’s It Implementation of an Organizational Change

Presentation Today’s world requires a squeezing need to use the I. T administrations and assets while lessening the expense so as to ...

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Cisco’s It Implementation of an Organizational Change

Presentation Today’s world requires a squeezing need to use the I. T administrations and assets while lessening the expense so as to improve hierarchical wide profitability. There are numerous CEO’s of the business world today that propose the top need of an any association is to have the capacity to build up a feeling of new thoughts and advancements. (Watchman, Stern and Council on Competitiveness, 1999). The term â€Å"innovation† utilized by organization’s basically delineates the development of another item, procedures and frameworks that which are just made to adjust to the steady change in business sectors, innovations just as methods of rivalry. D’Aveni, 1994; Dougherty and Hardy, 1996; Utterback, 1994). Porras and Silvers (1991) likewise examinations the hierarchical change and its significance in the rising complexity between Cisco IT Network and Data Center Services (NDCS) which was changed from utilizing a traditional authoritative model to Cisco’s own lifecycle model, alongside considerable tasks upgrades across five different measurements. This differentiation is adequately inescapable in ongoing work and adequately focal in the conceptualization of progress that has been utilized and it as the structure that sorts out has review.This report will outline a system focused on directors that shows the procedure of development can be an overseeing change, administration backing and administration execution inside an association. In any case, it is obvious that dealing with the complex and the hazardous procedure of advancement has been demonstrated to be tricky and weighed down with trouble. (Kanter, 1989; Quinn, 1985). A broad audit dependent on pertinent writing, upheld by an advancement of consistent and all around defended contentions of the capacity of innovation.We will likewise look at the procedure of CISCO Lifecycle as far as conduct move, change process alongside the fruitful developments that contai ns the center components and procedures paying little heed to the business or firm. High performing trailblazers are likewise ready to outfit this development meta-ability so as to accomplish exceptional execution. A meeting led by Dr Joseph Fiksel for the Journal of Sustainable Product Design asserts that it is crucial to not just see how the procedure capacities just as increasing a comprehension of the whole culture of the item advancement community.Dr Joseph discusses that â€Å"product plan engineers will in general be haughty yet are anyway commonly handy and inventive people have solid building skills†. These people will in general be extremely dubious of any individual who renders their administrations also any individual who appears to come in their manner to entangle their tumultuous lives. (Sanction, 1998) Analysis of CISCO IT Lifecycle Methodology As for enterprise’s such Cisco whom are moving from the conventional innovation (Silo-based hierarchical struct ure) to a lifecycle-based model will be a generous improvement activity across five different measurements. Lowe, 2009). This change will comprehend the issue of duplication and absence of center over the association. Characteristically, most government characterization conspires alongside the board and financial aspects written works considers benefits as whatever isn't unmistakable, fabricated merchandise that are expended as it is created and sold. Take for occasions, the business that we use in this paper; programming item business is named administration business by the United States government’s standard under the arrangement scheme.Traditionally the improvement of ASIC’s inside an organization, for example, Cisco has been firmly combined with the advancement of a solitary final result. Be that as it may, the increasing expense related with improvement of top of the line ASIC’s has constrained a conduct move in the ASIC’s advancement process. Explor ation discoveries â€Å"process view† and â€Å"integration† led by Seethamraju (2012). In spite of the fact that business forms have been exposed to a conventional report through numerous points of view for a while dating to the beginning of the modern age. There forms were as yet not exactly surely knew and were left unmanaged and clumsy. CISCO I.T could have executed different strategies, for example, Phased Methodology or Business Process Modeling (BPM). We have presumed that these procedures have advanced through different stages from the mid 1700’s as â€Å"division of labor†. This was when producing first moved into manufacturing plants from the house business. These techniques isn't just executed by ordinary business however is customized for a wide range of associations, for example, government organizations, offices, good cause, shared and cooperatives just as numerous others. A model that can be utilized is the â€Å"Six Sigma† was first evolved by Motorola Inc, in the mid 1980’s.This procedure gives broad â€Å"Six Sigma† preparing and consultancy administrations. Accordng to Motorola I. T â€Å"Six Sigma is an exceptionally trained procedure that encourages us center around creating and conveying near immaculate items and administrations. This framework drives clearness around business systems and the measurements that reflect accomplishment with procedure. Through experience, Motorola has discovered that control utilization of measurements and uses of this procedure is as yet not adequate to drive an ideal forward leap for upgrades and results that are supportable over a time of time.Discuss the knowledge and learning’s from the case that you consider could be applied to your own circumstance. Before continuing further to a procedure that I may apply to my own case situation, I will initially inspect my quality and impediments. After cautiously considering the difficulties I may acquire, va rious procedures have been utilized so as to produce progressively exact client data and the knowledge to their issues. A significant way to deal with increase a superior comprehension of client needs has be lead-client development. (Von Hippel, Thomke and Sonnack, 1999).However, I find that the absence of measurements and incapable estimations will be the ideal strategy to be applied in these conditions. As the worldwide increment of upper hands on how business are directed, Information innovation has become an inexorably significant device particularly with I. T administration businesses, for example, CISCO, where profitability could be upgraded by utilizing the effective assets made accessible by decreasing expense. During the underlying stages, CISCO was utilizing a customary storehouse ed authoritative structure wherein staffs are associated with doing both the execution and operational work.The contrast between the conventional, vigorously statist framework and the inconsisten t liberal framework is that both are similarly wasteful while giving the open products or administrations. Different creators (Jenson 2004, Levesque et al. 2005) point to the quiet reconfiguration of the government assistance state which began two decades back affected by NGOs, affiliations, the network segment and the third area. The restrictions under this structure are duplications of work by staffs and the absence of an unmistakable core interest. These variables have additionally impacted the organization to scan for an elective structure that would be perfect with its standards.Cisco progressed service’ Network Availability Improvement Service association (NAIS) was approached to recognize zones that require changes alongside causing proposals on how this to can be accomplished. NAIS utilizes Operational Risk Management Analysis to survey individuals, procedure and devices that limit operational hazard. Hence, a reasonable guide for operational greatness is intended to improve best practices (Chan, and Mauborgne, 1997). This can likewise be utilized in any association at any degree of procedure work. While it's especially valuable for taking care of enormous scope process upgrading, it is additionally helpful when taking a shot at a solitary process.Through this procedure the conventional authoritative structure was changed to Cisco’s Lifecycle structure which later end up being increasingly productive and successful. (Behrendt, 1997) According to the Life Cycle Design standards, interdisciplinary collaboration of multi partners is fundamental in life cycle plan. Interdisciplinary collaboration in an unpredictable issue or assignment like Life Cycle Design, that incorporates various angles, requests dynamic investment and contribution of various masters so as to prevail in the viable usage of item life cycle design.How will you apply these bits of knowledge and learning’s in your current or future undertakings as a director? Through the usage Cisco’s lifecycle system which aides takes care of the business issues involves six lifecycle forms in which each stage explains ideas in more extensive perspectives. (Clegg, 1999). Through this new structure set up the association initially decides its monetary qualities before new undertakings are acknowledged and the suggestions sooner rather than later in any case whether the association has the assets to deal with the technology.My feeling requires the necessities of supervisors to organize every day activities wherein will develop advancement and change inside their organizations. Be that as it may, the need to oversee capabilities is regularly seen as a deterrent in the advancement of fruitful developments. Exercises, for example, assembling and advertising are viewed as the way to current accomplishment with authoritative procedures worked around dependability, proficiency and gainfulness in creating a money flow.Processes that are grown, for example,  "programming† standard specialty units to perform schedules, formalize structures and furthermore not to break new ground (Starbuck, 1983). An articulate business structure which involves business objectives and specialized essentials would cultivate a superior help conveyance. Staff ability upgrades are significant as it improves the efficiency and lessens exorbitant wastage. This new model likewise helps the association in reduci

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Theorys Emerson and Thoreau, Complete U.S. Citizens essays

Theorys Emerson and Thoreau, Complete U.S. Residents papers Conceived in the United States one is given the benefit of being a U.S. resident, yet why clutches the force on the off chance that we dont even exercise it; the ability to cast a ballot, the intensity of discourse, and the intensity of decision. As per Emerson we dont believe ourselves enough to settle on our own choices. Rather we resort to books, media, and friends to have them settle on the supposed right choice. Furthermore, in view of this we are not almost the residents that we are intended to be. To be a finished resident, we are called upon to settle on our own choice and be fearless enough to talk what is at the forefront of our thoughts, an explanation that Emerson continually hits us with in his Self-Reliance paper. Residents reserve the option to cast a ballot, however why sit and tune in to throughout the entire the political discourses that are comprised of misleading statements, and bogus guarantees. Rather for what reason wont stand firm, question the pioneers convictions and say something so solid that would have them work for us. Rather we let them impact us and due to our instability they provide us the requests and replies. At the point when it is inside us that the appropriate responses are held. Residents additionally gangs the privilege of discourse, something that solitary a couple of us work out. Since just those couple of approach their actual considerations, a total resident would talk precisely what is at the forefront of their thoughts communicating all their actual emotions and not being frightened of what others may think. They decide to be an individual and they decide to talk the brain, and by doing so they practice both their privileges of discourse and the privileges of decision. Thoreau then again speaks increasingly about the legislature and that a resident not be a no administration man, yet rather need and be a superior government man. Thoreaus states should the residents ever for a second, or at all degree, leaving his heart you to official. This is the place Emerson and Thoreaus thoughts interface supposing that one doesn't practice their privilege of discourse a... <!

Monday, August 17, 2020

Content Planning Made Simple (Guide)

Content Planning Made Simple (Guide) This is a guest post by Jasmine Powers. Jasmine is the founder and CMO of J Powers Marketing Publicity, a full-service event marketing agency for business and career consultants, workshop facilitators and trainers. Find her on Twitter  @jasminepowers. Creating content on an ongoing basis can be a daunting task. It doesn’t go well if completed on a whim or only when inspiration comes. A solid content plan, allowing you to pre-plan content and pre-empt content marketing opportunities, is essential. Content marketers know  great planning can make the difference. It can be the difference  between having a haphazard, unmaintained blog or a popular SEO-optimized website with many readers. This difference is in the details. So how can you create a content plan that works without all the headache of an unnecessarily complicated process? How To Plan Content Every good content plan answers to the following questions: Who are we creating content for? Relevancy is at the core of content planning.  Having a very clear understanding of who you are creating for is vital. First define  your target market, or the person that would benefit most from your content, up front. Then validates assumptions about them through research to create a better outline of what that group needs to know and what topics to develop. How can we deliver it best? There are a vast number  of traditional and digital media distribution channels available. This means that making decisions on how and where to deliver content will tie back to your target audience. Also to be considered is the length and complexity of the content. You can think about  whether a piece can be repurposed to fit email, articles, video, podcasts, social media images, white papers or another format. An explanation of software might well be presented in an explainer video or white paper. On the other hand, tips for better eating could be delivered in a numbered article and repurposed as a short slideshow. Either could then be shared with an appropriate social media image and direct response copy. The aim being to  drive interest and traffic to the full content piece. When is the best time for us to deliver it? Make considerations of daily, weekly, monthly, or annual themes, seasons and holiday observances, or optimal consumption times. These considerations  can help define when best to put out certain pieces of content. A Thanksgiving tablescape article is best to be put out in October. While in February an article on date night planning might be more appropriate. How To Use Mind Mapping For Content Planning Mind mapping using MindMeister can help your content planning process significantly. By visually exploring keywords and topics, content types and calendars, ideas will flow and can later be solidified in an editorial calendar. Mind mapping has been found to boost creativity so its the ideal tool to use for this content planning and ideation process. Start by mapping content by month, using a central content bubble with topics for the main kinds of topics you wish to discuss. These should be based on your brand and audience. For a fitness brand, it could be recipes, exercises, exercise attire, wearable tech, and emotional wellness. Under each topic, branch into seasonal considerations. These might be summer veggie dishes if planning for July, or how to do winter indoor exercises if planning for December. Then start to explore how to deliver each content piece and what medium could be used for distribution. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit November Fitness Content Plan on MindMeister. How To Create An Editorial Calendar After brainstorming content types and topics, documenting ideas in an editorial calendar can help narrow things down into an easier to read format. Start by creating columns for month, theme and topics. Using your mind map/s as a reference, complete the rows in your editorial calendar for the month, quarter or year. This will depend on how advanced or extensive your content planning needs to be. Your internal editorial calendar may also include the format of the piece. This is especially the case if developing an ongoing column or video series, for example. Additionally, if you have an extremely granular content plan, try creating an  editorial calendar for each of the various content types. The key to creating a great content plan is thinking ahead. However, this requires putting aside time to work out what is best for your audience and when. Although this process can get deeply analytical, a great birds-eye content plan is straightforward to create. With a solid content plan, you can schedule  content in a more strategic and detailed way on an ongoing basis. Answer key questions, using mind maps to discover content and delivery ideas. Then by documenting a plan into an editorial calendar, an executable content marketing plan can be painless. Try setting up your content planning mind map with MindMeister. Make sure to let us know how you get on in the comments below! Create your own content plan today Download MindMeister Download MindMeister If you enjoyed this article, read our guide on how to create an editorial calendar using MeisterTask.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Exploring the Earths Four Spheres

The area near the surface of the earth can be divided into four interconnected spheres: lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Think of them as four interconnected parts that make up a complete system, in this case, of life on earth. Environmental scientists  use this system to classify and study the organic and inorganic materials found on the planet. The Lithosphere The lithosphere, sometimes called the geosphere, refers to all of the rocks of the earth. It includes the planets mantle and crust, the two outermost layers. The boulders of Mount Everest, the sand of Miami Beach and the lava erupting from Hawaiis Mount  Kilauea  are all components of the lithosphere. The actual thickness of the lithosphere varies considerably and can range from roughly 40 km to 280 km. The lithosphere ends at the point when the minerals in the earths crust begin to demonstrate viscous and fluid behaviors. The exact depth at which this happens depends on the chemical composition of the earth, and the heat and pressure acting upon the material. The lithosphere is divided into 15 tectonic plates that fit together around the earth like a jagged puzzle:  African, Antarctic,  Arabian, Australian, Caribbean, Cocos,  Eurasian,  Indian, Juan de Fuca, Nazca, North American,  Pacific,  Philippine, Scotia, and South American. These plates arent fixed; theyre slowly moving. The friction created when these tectonic plates push against one another causes earthquakes, volcanoes and the formation of mountains and ocean trenches. The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere is composed of all of the water on or near the planets  surface. This includes oceans, rivers, and lakes, as well as underground aquifers and the moisture in the atmosphere. Scientists estimate the total amount at more than 1,300 million cubic feet. More than 97 percent of the earths water is found in its oceans. The remainder is freshwater, two-thirds of which is frozen within the earths polar regions and mountain snowpacks. Its interesting to note that even though water covers the majority of the planets surface, water accounts for a mere 0.023 percent of the earths total mass.   The planets water doesnt exist in a static environment, it changes form as it moves through the hydrological cycle. It falls to the earth in the form of rain, seeps into underground aquifers, rises to the surface from springs or seeps from porous rock, and flows from small streams into larger rivers that empty into lakes, seas, and oceans, where some of it evaporates into the atmosphere to begin the cycle anew.   The Biosphere The biosphere is composed of all living organisms: plants, animals and one-celled organisms alike. Most of the planets terrestrial life is found in a zone that stretches from 3 meters below ground to 30 meters above it. In the oceans and seas, most aquatic life inhabits a zone that stretches from the surface to about 200 meters below. But some creatures can live far outside of these ranges: some birds are known to fly as high as 8 kilometers above the earth, while some fish have been found as deep as 8 kilometers beneath the ocean surface. Microorganisms are known to survive well beyond even these ranges. The biosphere is made up of biomes, which are areas where plants and animals of a similar nature can be found together. A desert, with its cactus, sand, and lizards, is one example of a biome. A coral reef is another. The Atmosphere The atmosphere is the body of gasses that surrounds our planet, held in place by earths gravity. Most of our atmosphere is located close to the earths surface where it is most dense. The air of our planet is 79 percent nitrogen and just under 21 percent oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of argon, carbon dioxide, and other trace gasses. The atmosphere itself rises to about 10,000 km in height and is divided into four zones. The troposphere, where about three-quarters of all atmospheric mass can be found, stretches from about 6 km above the earths surface to 20 km. Beyond this lies the stratosphere, which rises to 50 km above the planet. Next comes the mesosphere, which extends to about 85 km above the earths surface. The thermosphere rises to about 690 km above the earth, then finally the exosphere. Beyond the exosphere lies outer space. Conclusion All four spheres can be and often are present in a single location. For example, a piece of soil will contain minerals from the lithosphere. Additionally, there will be elements of the hydrosphere present as moisture within the soil, the biosphere as insects and plants, and even the atmosphere as pockets of air between soil pieces. The complete system is what makes up life as we know it on Earth.

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Speech Analysis National Rifle Association Annual Meeting

Speech Analysis Assignment National Rifles Association Annual Meeting In the video I watched the National Rifles Association (NRA) President Jim Porter addresses the crowd at the April 11th 2015 NRA Members’ meeting, in Nashville, Tennessee. Porter was elected as first vice president of the NRA Board of Directors. He had previously served as second vice president and president of the NRA Foundation Board of Trustees. As the outgoing NRA President, Porter discusses his pride in the organization and its members. And he promises that, together, they ll make the difference in 2016. At the beginning of the video the audience members were standing up while applauding and Porter was wiping tears from his eyes with a handkerchief. Porter†¦show more content†¦After the attention-grabbing opening, there is only a small window of time in which to convince the audience that you have something useful to say. Mr. Porter named his topic, explained how the topic relates to his listeners and reminds them of their stake in the matter. He appealed to his audience on a personal level captures their attention and is if a high of concern. The audience as I stated previously are all part of the same organization. â€Å"You supported the NRA and your local pro-gun candidates. You donated your hard-earned money, sacrificed your personal time and you — and millions and millions of gun owners just like you — went to the polls last fall and won a big victory for freedom†. According to â€Å"A Speaker’s Guidebook† the visual channel includes a speaker’s physical actions and appearances facial expression, gestures, general body movement, physical appearance dress and object held. Nonverbal communication clarifies the meaning of verbal messages, facilitates feedback from the audience, and establishes a relationship between the speaker and the audience. These nonverbal visual elements have been called the silent language (271–272). You always want to look at least as good as the audience and practically always better. That shows respect and gives you authority. Failure to do so may be taken as a lack of respect for your audience. Your visual impact is a big part of how you come across Mr. Porter dress in a solid dark colored business suit

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

UNC Conboy Free Essays

An International trade theory, grounded In the work of Adam Smith and David Richard, that focuses on the Importance of comparative advantage obtained through differences in natural or acquired economic advantages is referred to as: a. Classical trade theory b. Factor proportion theory c. We will write a custom essay sample on UNC Conboy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Product life cycle theory d. Competitive advantage theory 2. Paul German’s â€Å"realist† perspective embraces which of the following conclusions: a. Countries compete with each other much like companies compete with each other ND must therefore engage in similar strategic behaviors b. Government intervention in the market Is often essential due to imperfections that allow for the formation of monopolies and oligopolies In lucrative Industry segments c. Economic growth In one country must come at the expense of economic growth in another, therefore countries must protect domestic Industry in many instances d. Market imperfections due in fact exist, but the prospects for improving the situation through strategic trade policy is overstated by those in favor of government intervention 3. Cluster theory suggests that companies obtain resources as a result of geographic proximity to other related and supportive Industries primarily as a result of: a. Information spillovers b. Lower shipping costs c. Region specific subsidies d. Access to a common labor pools 4. A theory of Internationalization, observed In the wine Industry In the assigned readings, that focuses on the development of relationships between producers, suppliers, competitors, and government to obtain information and resources necessary to complete globally is referred to as: a. Pascal model b. Network model . Innovation model d. Leverage model 5. Michael Porters Diamond Model focuses on all of the following, EXCEPT: a. The Importance of International competition to drive technological Innovation b. C. Sophisticated domestic demand that encourages new product and service development d. The presence of related and supportive industries in the domestic market 6. Mercantilism refers to policies and practices designed to: a. Encourage international trade through the creation of innovative products and services b. Remove regulatory and economic barriers to international competition c. Create a trade surplus by subsidizing domestic firms and limiting foreign competition d. Discourage all international trade to promote national independence and self- sufficiency 7. An international trade theory, grounded in the work of Wassail Limonite, that focuses on trade cycles emerging from production initially by a parent company, then by a foreign subsidiary, and ultimately by foreign competitors is referred to as: a. Classical trade theory d. Competitive advantage theory 8. Advocates of Porter’s Diamond Model believe governments should support mommies industries by engaging in which of the following activities: a. Subordination of industries of national importance to improve their competitive position b. Imposition of barriers to prevent foreign competitors from entering domestic markets c. Provision of supportive public infrastructure and education needed to support emerging industries d. The government should play no role in supporting or developing domestic industries 9. Cluster theory focuses primarily on the creation of competitive advantage through: a. Ongoing investment in research and development to encourage innovation b. Intense price competition designed to bring down the cost of products and services c. Transportation costs associated with bringing goods and services to market d. Interactions between geographic concentrations of interconnected companies 10. The case study of wine clusters indicates that firms in this industry located in both Brazil and France have effectively leveraged which of the following cluster resources to facilitate the internationalization process: a. Affordable input costs b. Regional reputation and culture c. Manufacturing expertise d. Labor spillovers How to cite UNC Conboy, Papers

Monday, May 4, 2020

Indian Pharma Industry free essay sample

Every industry has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages under which they challenges the industry faces are: * Regulatory obstacles * Lack of proper infrastructure * Lack of qualified professionals * Expensive research equipments * Lack of academic collaboration * Underdeveloped molecular discovery program Government Initiatives: The government of India has undertaken several including policy initiatives and tax breaks for the growth of the pharmaceutical business in India. Some of the measures adopted are: * Pharmaceutical units are eligible for weighted tax reduction at 150% or the research and development expenditure obtained. Two new schemes namely, New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative and the Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Research Program have been launched by the Government. * The Government is contemplating the creation of SRV or special purpose vehicles with an insurance cover to be used for funding new drug research. * The Department of Pharmaceuticals i s mulling the creation of drug research facilities which can be used by private companies for research work on rent. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Pharma Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pharma Export: In the recent years, despite the slowdown witnessed in the global economy, exports rom the pharmaceutical industry in India have shown good buoyancy in growth. Export has become an important driving force for growth in this industry with more than 50 % revenue coming from the overseas markets. For the financial year 2008-09 the export of drugs is estimated to be $8. 25 billion as per the Pharmaceutical Export Council of India, which is an organization, set up by the Government of India. A survey undertaken by FICCI, the oldest industry chamber in India has predicted 16% growth in the export of Indias pharmaceutical growth during 2009-2010. Corporate Social Responsibility-Meaning: In the 1990s, when one spoke of Corporate Social Responsibility, it was very quickly concluded to be donations. It was understood to be a philanthropic gesture which the organizations undertook as their responsibility towards the society. In this context, Corporate Social Responsibility CSR or Corporate Citizenship had different implications for different companies. For some companies, CSR could largely mean compliance and altruism. Many others would observe it as a more strategic framework that took into account a companys relationships and overall impact on the society. Companies also have a way of practicing CSR internally within he organization for their employees and associates. In the twenty first century, however, companies have been generating innovative ideas and methods to incorporate social responsibility in congruence with organizational goals. To implement these social goals, the companies are partnering with the government and the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). With increased competitiveness in the private sector, it is critical for an organization to leverage its social activities in order to gain a competitive advantage. The increased credibility and goodwill earned from the customers and associates is an invaluable ntangible asset for the organization. An example is of the pharmaceutical industry, where it becomes imperative to either collaborate with NGOs or with the government affordable prices. This sector has strict price controls and regulations by the government. Therefore, only by partnering with the government, hospitals and the society can the company introduce drugs at affordable prices for distributive Justice. The conception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is inimitably coupled to a countrys identity in which it primarily operates and therefore, the resulting policies nd programs of CSR are inherently tied to the distinct social, political and economic systems in which the company operates. Key Players in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India. Most of the countrys requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below: Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited: The Ranbaxy is a pharmaceutical company which was incorporated in 1961 in India. Its a public sector company. Ranbaxy Research Foundation was established in 1985. Production start-up at the modern APIs plant at Toansa in Punjab, make the countrys largest manufacture of antibiotics. This plant gets US FDA approval in 1988. Ranbaxy was granted its first US patent, for Doxycyline. Ranbaxy enters in to an agreement with ELL LILIY Coof USA for setting up Joint venture in India. Company enters into an agreement to set up a Joint venture in china in 1993. Ranbaxy enucleates mission to become a Research based International Company. The new Research Center at Gurgaon. The company established Regional Headquarters in UK and US. Acquisition of Ohm Laboratories, a manufacturing facility in US. Inaugurations of FDA approved, state-of the new manufacturing wings, at Ranbaxys US subsidiary Ohm laboratories. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd crosses a sales turnover of Rs10000 million, with its export reaching an all time high of Rs 5000 million in 1997. In 1998 Ranbaxy enters USA, worlds largest pharmaceuticals, with product under its own name.

Monday, March 30, 2020

Adelaide Coast (geography) essays

Adelaide Coast (geography) essays Describe and explain the variation of coastal type and of landform along a particular coastline. The length of the particular coastline you choose may be as little as two or three kilometres or as much as several hundred kilometres. The Adelaide metropolitan coastline stretches around 30 kilometres, from Seacliff in the south to Outer Harbor in the North. Whilst the southern end of the coast has notable erosional landforms such as cliffs, wave-cut platforms and shingle beaches, the vast majority of the coastline is depositional. This essay will focus on the depositional sandy beaches and dune systems found along the Adelaide coastline. Much of the Adelaide coastline is made up of wide sandy beaches. Beaches are formed when sand is brought on to the beach by waves. This occurs particularly in the summer months when waves are constructional, as seen in diagram 1. The profile of the beach changes due to tidal and waves variation. In winter, as seen in diagram 2, waves are deconstructional, and the beach profile is lowered, resulting in the formation of a berm. Off shore sandbars develop, and the sand returns to the beach again in summer. Sand is carried on to the beach by waves and along the beach by the movement of longshore drift. Longshore drift carries the sand along the shore in the direction of prevailing wind and is responsible for the build up of sand behind natural features such as headlands, and man-made features such as breakwaters. In diagram 3, the action of longshore drift is shown at Glenelg. Sand is picked up by the waves and moves along the beach in a zig zag motion. The breakwater interrupts the drift and sand is deposited, resulting in a wide sandy beach south of the breakwater, and a spit forming at the end, with North Glenelg being badly starved of sand. The same build up of sand south of the breakwater, and shortage of sand to the north occurs at Outer Harbor. This is because of Adelaides prevailing s ...

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Curriculum Based Assessment (CBA) for Students

Curriculum Based Assessment (CBA) for Students Curriculum-Based Assessment (CBA) is any form of assessment based on the curriculum that a child is mastering. Most CBAs comes directly from the textbook, in the form of tests- often in the form of chapter tests. Other CBAs can be taken from online resources. This is especially true for online worksheet resources. The following are especially helpful. The Math Work Sheet Site The basic worksheet generator for this site is free, although it provides a variety of useful formats in its members section. You can choose to generate worksheets by the format (horizontal or vertical) the number of digits, whole numbers, the range of numbers use. It offers each of the basic operations, mixed problems, fractions, measurement, graphing and telling time. The worksheets have large numerals that are well spaced for the large digits made by most students in special education. Edhelper.com Edhelper is a member only site, although access is provided to some items. The reading selections are not well adapted for children with reading disabilities: the text is often too close together for these readers, and the content is not particularly well written. My preference is always Reading A-Z, another member only site with excellent reading resources.Edhelpers math resources are excellent, especially for functional math skills such as money counting, fractions, and telling time. It provides several ways to show evidence of competence in each skill area. Money Instructor Money Instructor has both paid and member-only options. Many of the free options provide realistic (color) money for counting. These are excellent resources for children who have difficulty with generalization, such as children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Reading A-Z Reading A-Z is an excellent resource for special education teachers. It breaks reading levels into discrete levels from a-z for pre-primer through grade 6 readers. One of the advantages is that there is a great deal of non-fiction, which makes these lower level reading books age appropriate for older but very disabled readers. Not exactly the same as the Fountas and Pinnell levels, the website provides conversion charts which can be helpful if you are writing IEP goals with grade level goals (say, John will read at grade level 2.4 with 94% accuracy.)The website provides books in the PDF format that you can download and print in multiples. Each level provides benchmark books with pre-printed running record forms with the text from the books with places to check off the sort of errors for miscue analysis. Each benchmark also comes with a comprehension question, with different levels of questions geared to Blooms Taxonomy. Scholastic Bookwizard Finding leveled reading material for running records or miscue analysis can be a challenge. Scholastic offers a way to level the books they publish, either by grade level or guided reading level (Fountas and Pinnell.) Fountas and Pinnell also provide resources for leveling books but require a paid membership. Scholastic publishes some of the most popular childrens titles. Knowing grade level means that a teacher can select 100 word plus passages from authentic texts to use for running records and miscue analysis. Special Education Some publishers offer adapted assessments for special education students, or the special educator can adapt the assessment him or herself. Some text-based assessments can be read and scribed, especially if those accommodations are part of the students Specially Designed Instruction. Social studies tests are a good example: these are tests of a students social studies knowledge, not reading ability. The curriculum materials may be adapted to the students ability or Individualized Education Plan (IEP) goals. For example, fourth-grade children are mastering long division, but children with disabilities in the same classroom may be mastering single digit divisors into two or three digit dividends. Curriculum-based assessment is just one of the ways to collect data to meet IEP goals. The above websites provide a lot of useful resources for the special educator.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Ethnic Groups and Multiracial Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethnic Groups and Multiracial Identity - Essay Example Racial stereotyping and crime in the society is partly attributed to the poverty levels in the society among people from a particular race. The Senator should address the issue of education and in particular the low enrollment levels and high drop out rates from school by children from particular races. The ability to attain good jobs can only be related to the ability to secure good education and training hence members of the African American community have been segregated in employment due to lack of enough education. High unemployment rates among the youth are the leading causes of crime like drug peddling and violent robberies hence the Senator should ensure youth receive property education. The Senator should also increase the rehabilitation facilities for drug patients and the correctional facilities for petty offenders. Lack of counseling and support services have increased the crime levels in the neighborhood. The Senator should work towards racial integration by establishing cultural centers and community centers where each racial group can celebrate and preserve their unique culture and traditions. The Senator should consider increasing the welfare benefits to the poor citizens. The Senator should consider the issue of taxation where he can advocate for reduction in the tax rates for the people whose income is not adequate for housing and other basic needs. The Senator should increase the housing provision facilities. Question 3 people of power: law, Supreme Court and congress Dr Friedman asserts that people lobby and assert pressure on their government for many social changes. He continues by saying the legal justice system is the product of people demand. The society shapes the legal framework and must live within the framework. The legal system reflects the power structure and authority in the society. He believes that the wealth and power influence the making and execution of the laws where big corporations and rich people run the country. He beli eves the middle class can be powerful but its keeps being divided and fragmented. He believes the minorities and civil rights are protected by the law but our ideals affect the policies which we pursue. Laws are made by legislatures enacted through popular vote and rulings are given by the Supreme Court hence want counts are the strength of the pillars holding the systems. The Supreme Court was established by Article 3 of the US constitution which did not explain the clear duties and powers of the Court. American Constitution denied African Americans citizenship. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave all citizens equal rights and ended slavery. Citizenships were granted to Non-white Americas in 1868 where no State was required to make laws that deprive any person of life, property without due law process being followed. African Americans were granted the right to vote in 1870 but on criteria that they could read the Constitution provisions fluently with out any error. In 1854, the Supreme Court in the case of Scott V. Sandford, ruled that Dred Scott was still a slave despite having lived in â€Å"free states† for several years hence he was the property of the owner. In the same case, Justice Taney ruled that Scott had no the capacity to bring the case to court since he was not a U.S citizen. The most historic Supreme Court ruling on race was delivered by Justice Thurgood Marshall who was the first

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Theorizing Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theorizing Popular Culture - Essay Example As we enter and tumble into the 21st century we're at a point in human evolution where traditional cultures pushed by rough edge of modernity are really stepping back into their own traditions, and embracing their belief systems. One of the manifestations of that is body marking. At the same time, I think there is a whole sector of modern society, not just youth, but across all sorts of generations, genders, and ethnic backgrounds that are in search of identity, meaning and ritual. Hence, a huge explosion of tribal tattooing, and body marking. This is referred to as the "modern primitive" movement within tattooing. I think there's a correlation because if you step back and look at it, it's the larger picture of mankind wanting identity, wanting a sense of place, a sense of ritual, and a sense of culture within their own community.(National Geographic 2004) Ear piercing can be traced back to 2nd century B.C. in Cyprus along with Iran from 2900-3500 BC and Iraq in 9th century BC, with pieces of art and jewelry in museums. Unfortunately the reasons for this ear piercing phenomenon have not been determined. However an Eskimo tribe in Alaska around 1918 used shark tooth earrings as a form of social rank. Another raising popularity involving ear piercing is stretching the earlobes to accommodate ear spools and ear plugs. Some examples can be found in places such as Guatemala 900-1500 AD with ear spools, and also in china with the stretching of the earlobes. Some people today still stretch their earlobes some examples can be found in Asia on an island named Borneo. Lip piercing another popular part of body piercing is lip piercing or labret piercing which some examples can be found in native Alaskan tribe around 1897. Lip plugs were worn by both men and women and represented those men had reached puberty. For women it was worn as decoration, or by women born of noble stature. Nose piercing, in today's culture can be stemmed from Alaska in the late 19th century and were considered a mark of distinction and prestige and were worn by both men and women. Body piercing in the cultural reference is seemingly just another form of individualism which has been practice in every culture for many centuries and will still be practice for many centuries to come. American's may not get their bodies pierced for the religious or cultural reasons that other countries do, but they still promote individualism that is ultimately behind it. This Modification is slowly becoming our present culture. Cultural Background on Tattoo's Tattooing is one of the most common forms of body adornment and individualism in America today. Tattooing has been practiced since the time of Ancient Egypt. "Tattoo is a word of Polynesian origin which is related to the Tahitian word tatau and the Marquesan word ta-tu." (University of Pennsylvania) One example of tattooing is the ancient Maori of New Zealand. Maori men have their faces, buttocks and thighs covered. This type of tattooing involves chiseling the skin and then placing ink the cuts to create the tattoo. Since this procedure is very painful it is done in stages starting in early adulthood. "The facial tattoos were an

Monday, January 27, 2020

The Corporate Culture Of Apple Inc Business Essay

The Corporate Culture Of Apple Inc Business Essay Apple incorporation is todays one of the biggest if not the biggest organisation culture change trend master, in the past few years apple as being in the light of it totally perceive genius ways of getting thing done with a different, however Apples corporate culture is constantly changing as a result of changes to its leadership/CEO from time to time. To gain an in-depth understanding of this we must dwell into apple historical background, it pros and cons, and the possibility of future management. Therefore the empirical question would be what is the culture of Apple? What is culture? Culture has been describe by many authors, school of thoughts, theories to mention a few in relation to its conceptual usage,it has been described for example as the dominant values espoused by an organisation, the commonly held and relatively stable set of beliefs, attitudes, values and norms that exit throughout an organisation the basic assumption and beliefs that are share by member of an organisation. In recent time culture has been refer to as the way things are done around here. Lynch (2006, p.37) culture refers to the shared understandings and meanings of that members have concerning an organisation. Rather as individuals have distinctive personalities organisation have their own particular culture. Some will be friendly, relaxed and informal while others will be highly formal aloof and hostile. Also Drenna(1992).in senior.B (1997).p101)says culture is what typical of the organisation, the habits the prevailing attitudes, the grown up pattern of accepted and expected behaviou r . The main feature of culture is that even though there are many organisational differences there seem to be share understandings within them. Culture tends to build gradually in rational thinking of groups with the system which later forms a sub/dominant culture. Using Handy (1993) cultural model, handy opine that A culture cannot be precisely define, for it is something that is perceived, something felt handy (p. 191).however he pointed out the four type of culture in organisation which are explain in fig1.1. Type Metaphor Characteristics Power Culture A web Control from centre; political and entrepreneurial ,personal power serves the figure-head and the leader Role Culture The Greek Temple Classical structure; bureaucratic; role identity position power predominate, serves the structure Task culture A net Valued individual expertise and contribution focus on completing the job, both personal and position powers are important; high level of collaboration base on group unity. Person culture A cluster or galaxy Combine of a lose collection of individuals-pursuing own goal but share common facility, power not necessary a focus because members are experts in their own field. This culture serves the individual. Fig1.1 The four culture type highlights how power and control are utilized by organisation and of whose interest are they serving? certainly theres an element of power culture at Apple inc, as noted in the case study, Steve Jobs entrepreneurship style had giving way for personal ideology and more-or-less gain control over the system, he is characterise as Apple itself, the span of control and politic is also associated with Steve upon returning back in late 1990s, when he changed the culture back to the way its use to be when he was at the apex Apple. Also the Role culture could be link with eras of sculley, and other leaders who try to formalize the structure by imposing their own rule, neglecting the important of project groups, which is central to the Task culture even though individual expertise at Apple is crucial to its innovation the only existing collaboration is based on secrecy. A typical reflection of Apple is the individual culture we may say is the Person culture as different g eeks work tiredly to bring about a unique invention based on their expertise. According to, Van backer(case study p.10), ( Backer)an analyst at Gartner inc, noted when Apple goes out to hire somebody, the no 1 criteria isnt how much experience you have or who you know .its whether they think you will fit into the culture. Nevertheless the culture seems unique but can it function without structure, the leadership, performance and strategy? Ideally, we can communicate this by a thorough analysis of the model below; take note that the model is a non linear model as all the elements are inter-related and interdependent. Fig1.2 a culture relation model Structure Noticeable in the case study is the commentators reference to Apple as a Unique culture, analysts argued that Steve jobs the CEO of Apple is the best marketer in the world, but his leadership style suggest a different view. For instance secrecy is the pinnacle of Apples strategic marketing culture. Apple was known to appreciate and value its employee, it worth noting that whereas motivational theories such as B.F Skinner (1974), Mintberg (1979), have highlighted the importance of reward and value as the ideological stimuli that motivate individual to work, in contrast, at Apple any universal concept of motivation might not work, because of how apple justifies its reward system with a do or die culture. More so the structure at Apple Inc is becoming complex as it evolves into a different pattern over the years. FIG2 Hierarchy and Flat structure The above is an illustration of a standardize structure of organisation formulated by many scholars over the year to explain organizational functionality; the flat is more prominent to entrepreneurship, with suitable element of informal, charismatic ,and informal leadership quality but grapevine in nature while the other is ideal for a larger organisation. However, of all the supportive research is the work of Canadian academic, Henry Mintzberg. According to Mintzberg (1979) an organisational structure is the sum total of the way in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and then achieve coordination between them. also structure is define as the established pattern of relationship between the components parts of an organisation, out lining both communication control and authority patterns .supportive to this also is Wilson and Rosenfeld(1990) explained that structure distinguishes the parts of an organisation and delineates the relationship between them. This is supported by Apples trend in organisation structure which is more complex than initially perceived, for instance Apple is seen as the pioneer of work hard play hard ethic. Equally important is the frequent changes in culture as different leaders tried to adopt a different approach to reorganise the structure, it is interesting that analyst said Apple adopted a style that was not too far too formal or hierarchical and that the approach was more result-driven. In ugly circumstances as a reference to the case study, any poor performance at Apple will not be consistent with its culture; it is important to say that any change in culture will resort in change in structure, however if the structure cannot survive without the culture then where do we inject the leadership style to bring about ultimate performance? Apple structure is neither hierarchy nor flat we could say its more of a hybrid or matrix unlike hierarchy which is prone to bureaucracy=read further according to Webber (1947),in his analysis of organisation he had identified the principle of bureaucracy as a continuous organisation that is bound by rules. Webber outline the importance of ideal bureaucracy to an organisation as positive and rational unlike the other which he described as domination as charismatic authority and traditional authority .mention adocrasy=read further Fig 2.1 A representation of Apples organisation formation structure. AGENT OF TRANSFORMATION Leadership as a concept has been an interesting centre piece to different fields of thought, to the ordinary man; a leader is just a symbolic head, but as a supportive element by theorists and analysts a definite category of classification; it is said the most important type of leaderships are of the following: the charismatic, the traditional, the situational, the appointed, the functional and the principle centred leader for the purpose of this essay we will look at leadership from management perspective, according Cole(2004), leadership is define as the following: leadership at work is a dynamic process whereby one individual in a group is not only responsible for the group results but actively seeks the collaboration and commitment of all the group members in a achieving group goals in a particular context and against the background of a particular national culture INNOVATORS The leadership style of Apple is highly represented by their iconic CEO Steve job that is highly regarded for his innovative, creative and marketing strategies. Using classification of leadership his style could be linked as the transformational leader which is characterised by the transformation of organisation, creativity and innovation with the purpose to engender commitment. However the simplicity of his approach could resort in the downfall of his perceived personality and organisational performance, for instance if this was ideal for the organisational culture then the question would be the sited instances of global workforce revolting against the culture of secretary used by Apple as an accepted way to move the company forward. If apple is to maintain its status quo as the number one most valued company in the world then it needs to engage itself in some form of leadership re orientation as over the past decade different management/leaders have tied to change the culture of ap ple and its structure only to head back to the starting point which is where they are today, Steve job certainly must be doing some right, concrete evidence suggest that Steve job must have outperformed his expectation to the board of management as emphasized in the case study. CONSTRAINTS the ripple effect of change of leaders/managers at Apple inc emphasis the need for change in culture, however this changes also brought about change in structure as each leader tries to implement his/her own ideology, arguable is the internal problem that apple faces from its reorganisation, for instance the appointment of Sculley who was credit for making Apple one of the biggest and fastest-growing corporation in the US.(case study p.5 ).A series of failure in the early 90s again brought another power shift when the board decided it time for leadership change and Micheal spindler was appointed in 1993 to replace Sculley, Spinder also fail to perform as expected ,Amelio could have being the one man that brought the last drastic change into apple because of his focus on Apple product line and workforce reduction but fail follow Apples corporate culture, once more Steve was back in business to turn things Around. A key point to his transformational leadership style, nevertheless it wo uld appear that the board were more interested in performance rather than leadership quality or style; however performance cannot be divorced from leadership. THE ACHIEVER Performance, theres no generalised definition of performance; it has being said that performance cannot be easily defined as you cannot measure or manage it. However few management researchers have noted the core different of performance from other fields in comparison to management sectors. Performance is more adapted to performance management day in day out, therefore performance could be agreed to be of relevance to situational changes. Armstrong and Baron (1998) define performance management as a strategic and integrated approach to delivering sustained success to organization by improving the performance of the people who work in them by developing the capability of team and individual who work in them.. Therefore, it provides avenue for knowledge on organizational objectives and goals and a spectrum to manage and train individual in order to achieve to such objectives Armstrong stress that performance is strategic because it is concern with broader issues facing organizational effectiveness. As evidence in the case study the market value of Apple against the backdrop of its financial performance over the years in Exhibit VIII, it is clear that in the past decade there being a major profit share in the company, more so recently Apple posted all time record revenue with increase earnings of 78 percent, as of July 2010. Apple posted record revenue of $15.7 billion and also quarterly profit of $3.25 billion,. Surely the share holders would be very pleased with the result. These results compare to workforce engagement and the strategy used to achieve result cannot be overlooked, Apple was known to appreciate its employees. It was consider a great place to work for people who are personate about what they did. (Case study p.3) also experts felt one of the key success to Apples performance is its ability to attract and retain key personnel in technical, marketing and staff positions Nevertheless financial performance in one comfort zone for the company identity externally but d oes this speak the same for the internal general audit of employee of Apple who work tirelessly for over 60hours to get this results out. Then how engaged are the staff of Apple incorporation. The unique culture of Apple which is base on the leadership style of one man approach: Steve jobs, can it survive after the exit of jobs. its plausible to say yes as jobs himself claim he had trained others to manage whenever he is no longer available, however the determination of each individual could result in systemic failure of the culture as every leader approach with a different goal setting. If the goal serve as the basis for motivation, and the goals are set by managers, industrial standard or base on negotiation, how then do you motivate individual, researchers noted that one can be motivated by target set against the others while you could be de-motivated by over pressured standard. levison(1972)highlights this in Asinine attitude towards motivation, in relation to reward or punishment to motivate workers, more so borrowing the work of Hygiene theory of motivation by Herzberg (1968),which he claim that the most important motivator or satisfier are Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement. While the following called hygiene factors or dissatisfies Company policy and administration. Supervision-the technical aspects. Salary. Interpersonal relations-supervision Working conditions. Herzberg pointed out that these factors were intrinsically related to the content of work, i.e. with intrinsic challenge, interest and the individual responses generated by them. If applied to Apple, how do we justify the working condition of staff who work for long hours to get the job done, or does the secrecy atmosphere bring about individual motivation or fear of punishment has whoever fail to comply to the culture is noticeably punished, the reward scheme in apple for those that come up with innovative technology like iphone, mac ipad could result in esteem of individual while the punishment approach on the other hand is detrimental to the public image of Apple as any failure leads to sacking individual or leakage of secret will automatically result in dismissal. Therefore we could say any universal concept of motivation might not work in Apple cooperate culture base on perceived punishment and reward of staff performance, thus Apple cooperate culture is zero experience and no stability of staff until now though it has worked for the company. Even though the strategy may be consider risky. Apple target young staff recruits with less commitment and more glory seeking rather than experience. However is worth saying the older generation are not mush expandable. This could be explain using Maslow (1956) Hierarchy of needs, which he associated the important of needs to motivate individual, starting from basic needs called physiological needs, follow by safety needs, then love needs, esteem needs, and self actualisation. He emphasis that as one needs is fulfil we move up to another. Goal setting (locke,shaw sari latham 1981)A change in goal will foreseen a better Apple as a company, for example Apple has always focus on improving on a previous product i.e. Iphone1,2,3..4.e.tc while not come up with something entirely different and innovative. Even though Apple came up with a micro palm device name ipad,it still relied entire on the old operating system which is gradually facing out as competition grows in the technology industry. Again the past ten years down the line Steve Jobs was back the in same job at the apex of the company after many failures of different managers at various stages of cultural development within Apple inc. even though Jobs is making money for apple for now the question is will same strategy that fails at the initial past decade in culture, work for the future? A do or die culture was Apples it it ideal for apple? For instance sculleyl tried for Apple for about five years, thus due to cultural strategy of sculley, the board got rid of him. At this juncture the answer would be it all depends on many factors conserving strategy culture and variable element to forecast the future.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Carpet-Weavers Morocco †Journal Assignment Essay

I’m sure that all of you have at least heard of, if not seen the famous carpets of Morocco. You must have also heard things like, â€Å"What fine craftsmanship!†, â€Å"What fabulous designs and prints!†, â€Å"What a work of art!† or â€Å"What fine skill!†, from people who purchase these carpets for huge sums of money for the various purposes such as praying, decoration etc. But have you ever taken a moment to think, of the origin of these carpets, of the person who sits up day and night weaving these carpets which are sold for thousands, but what does he get out of this and so on, well if not, then I’m sure that after reading this, all these questions will be answered. In case you didn’t know, Morocco is a relatively poor country and most of the carpets woven there, are all hand-made and are woven by children, children like me who are forced to weave due to unfortunate circumstances. Like me there are hundreds of others who have to live the same unfortunate lives for the same reasons. Let me give you a brief outline of what it is like to be a carpet weaver. Firstly, you have to wake up at five in the morning and get dressed. Everybody is allowed is five minutes in the showers, which is just about enough because the water is ice cold and it takes you just that long to g et used to the temperature of the water. After that, we have a so-called ‘breakfast’, if that’s what you would call it, which is absolutely tasteless and seems stale. After that, we immediately get to work and start weaving. Thread by thread and knot by knot, we have to be really careful and focused, and should there be any mistake, we can hope not to see the sun for a couple of days, at minimum that is! We have to work constantly until ten at night, when we quickly eat dinner, which is just as bad as breakfast, if not worse and then go to sleep, hoping that tomorrow will be a better day and we will be freed from this life of misery, but then, every morning, it starts all over again, the same torture, the same shouting voices of the slave drivers and the same miserable life. You might wonder, what may lead one to have to live such a life at such a small age, the answer lies deep within our backgrounds and circumstances. I’ve been weaving ever since I was seven years old, till today, when I’m thirteen. Before this, I used to live with my family, we weren’t so rich but we were surviving. There were six of us, me, my two brothers, my sister and my parents. All of us used to go to a small school in the nearby village. My mother was a vegetable seller and my father was a drunkard who had a small job at a toothpaste factory. Then one day, due to excessive intake of alcohol, he passed away. His death really didn’t make much of a difference, as he was no good anyway, but still, we were slightly affected financially. Then one day, a rich merchant came to our village, and started offering all the children jobs and promised that he would pay us huge sums of money, if we worked at his factory. Without thinking twice, I took the job and I was taken away to a far away place to work at his factories. Had I known what lay ahead, I would have never gone with him, but at the time, we needed money and I felt that this was the best opportunity. We were immediately taken away to a deserted and remote area where there was no way of contacting anyone. We were told to do as he said, and our families would be kept happy. I never the money that had been promised, instead, all I got was a gloomy place to work, eat and sleep, the merchant kept on telling me that he was sending my family the promised money, but after knowing the reality of this place, I doubt my family ever saw a fraction of what was promised, and I also doubt that they are alive right now. As you clearly saw, I was tricked into working here and once I was in, there was no way out; I had no choice but to work at the factory, because the merchant said that there was no place to go from here and if anyone tried, they would be killed. The first of my days here were very hard, when I first started learning how to weave, I made many mistakes, but quickly learnt and became perfect. Everyday here is like hell, maybe worse. How I long to outside and play like a normal child. I want to go to school and learn and become someone and do good for humanity, but instead, my life is wasted here, weaving carpets forever. I feel pity for the younger children who have just arrived. They all seem really scared as they are very young and have no idea of what’s going on and what their lives are about to become. We have to toil hard and work till late at night and finish at least three carpets in five days, or else we don’t get dinner. You have to really focus all your attention into the weaving and sometimes we get so lost into the weaving, that we lose track of time; it’s as if, we’re in another world, much different from this one and that helps to focus more and eases the pain a bit. When weaving, you have to be very careful, for just the slightest mistake could ruin the entire carpet. I feel I have become like a pale shadow of my former self, before, I was carefree and happy with my family, but now, I feel scared and I am uncertain about my future; I don’t know what will happen to me after the merchant finds no use of me, or will I spend my entire life here just sitting and weaving? There are hundreds of unanswered questions and queries in my mind and I’m sure that most of us feel the same way as me – scared and uncertain. Everyday is a struggle and every minute is torture. We aren’t allowed to talk or stop working and if we do, the slave drivers shout at us and sometimes even whip us and there’s nothing we can do, for we have no choice as nobody knows of the merchant’s tyranny and more importantly, nobody cares. At night, when I lie down on the hard and cold floor and try to sleep, I pray and hope that tomorrow will be something else, something better, but it never happens, everyday is the same, hell. I sometimes wonder, the cruel merchant exploits lots of children every week and brings them here and makes them weave carpets. He then sells them for thousands, while all we get are a few scraps in the name of food. He commits such horrible sins and yet enjoys his riches and lives lavishly, while we have toil and struggle; I ask myself, â€Å"What have we done to have to suffer such a life of suffering and misery? Why won’t God answer our prayers? Where is he? Why does the merchant enjoy his life to the fullest extent? Is this the justice of God? Has evil truly oppressed good? Why?, Why?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . But, I soon realize that there is no point in asking these meaningless questions, because the merchant will still get richer, while we suffer. I feel that the government should do something about this and so should the people who buy these carpets for thousands, they should think of us and how we are suffering. The merchant is exploiting us and using us as an unpaid workforce; he is abusing our rights and we are suffering. He has to be stopped from his exploitation at any cost because this way millions of children are separated from their families and are sent to far away lands to live a life worse than hell. The so-called â€Å"Human Rights Organization†, should do something to free us from this prison. But then again, I doubt that anything will happen. Some people might set out to do some investigations, but they will probably give up or be bribed by the extremely rich merchant, a case will be filed and will keep on circling the government departments and will soon be forgotten underneath a huge pile of papers, while we will continue to live in this hell†¦

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Modernization Theory

MODERNIZATION THEORY Introduction: Modernization is an inherently optimistic concept for it assumes that all countries eventually experience economic growth. This optimistic must be understood in the historical context of post war prosperity and growth in the north and independence of many southern colonies along with the growth of national markets and trades. The theory of modernization turns out into the high mass consumption and urbanization. The theory of economic growth is an alternative to Marxist theory. Meaning and history of modernization theory: Modernization theory is a collection of perspective which, while at their most intellectually influential in the 1950s and 1960s. Along with the growth of national markets, made nineteenth century capitalists much more effective and ambitious than any of other forebears; hence the so-called ‘industrial revolution’. Definition of modernization: 1. Modernization theory is the theory used to summarize modern transformations of social life. 2. Historically modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in the Western Europe. Eisenstadt-1966) Theoretical origins of modernization: The theory of modernization has its roots in the ideas of some scholars they produced different theories about the origins, characters, and future path of modern industrial society. Which we can now examine closely: Emile Durkheim: Durkheim proposes that there are two types of society ‘traditional’ and ‘mode rn’ society, which have different forms of social cohesion between their members. The people of the traditional society perform the limited tasks of a simple agrarian community based on group of families and clan in village settlements. Each group though a similar to all others thinks, believes and life styles are relatively self-contained. Its members perform all the required rules of farming, childrearing, social control defiance and so on. Each group is then a sort of segment, a discreet unit in a large society; hence durkheim also called this a ‘segmental’ society. The traditional society is contrasted with the modern society- in whichever increasing numbers and density of the 0f the population. This leads to a more people competing for relatively scarce resources. When competition becomes the fiercest, a social resolution to these problems had to emerge and this creates a gradual increase in social division of labor. Social differentiation occurs as a specialized institution are formed by people to deal with particular need of society such as religious, economic, political, educational and so on. The modern society is more cultured and less rigid and allows more scope for individual frustrations and happiness. Durkheim called this society â€Å"organic society’. Max weber: max weber sought to explain the emergence of industrialization, though he focused his attention on answering why capitalist manufacturing became dominate only in the economy of western. The basic explanation for this occurrence was the existence of cultural processes namely rationalization. Weber suggested this was not an easy or natural form of behavior; one of the important factors that promoted this work ‘ethic’ was according to weber not economic but religious. His beliefs that as western society has developed, more and more of its members act in ways that are guided by the principals of rationality and less by custom of tradition. He sees the coming of the modern era as sciatic birth of individual as a relatively free agent not about by rigid. Walt whitman Rostow: rostow illustrates the concept of modernization per excellence. in his work on economic growth (rostow-1960a; 1960b) the form of growth experience in north are taken as a model for the rest of the world, while economic are situated at different stages of development all are assumed be moving to the same direction. Traditional society is poor, irrational and rural. The take off stage requires a leap forward, based on technology and high levels of investment; preconditions for this the development of the infrastructure, manufacturing and effective government. After this the societies reach a stage of self-sustaining growth, in its mature stage technology pervades the whole economy leading to ‘the high mass consumption, high productivity and high levels of urbanization. This feature includes prenewtonian science and technology. All this typically takes 20 years and rostow attempts to date actual take off of those countries, which have experienced them. (1783-1803) For Britain which was the first followed amongst others, USA (1890-1940), Japan (1878-1900), Russia (1890-1914) and India, china (1950 onwards). Modernization: Modernization was prompted by the decline of the old colonial empires. The third world became a focused of attention by politicians who were keen to show countries pushing for independence that sustain development was possible under the western wings or modernization theory. Trumans speech embodies this initial optimism. Modernization can be described as optimistic because it presents development as a easy process enduring under development is explained in terms of obstacles. Paolo Friers suggests people need to develop political consciousness and the rout to this is though pedagogic techniques of empowerment. Learner(1964) explains the from traditional to modern. Be beliefs that ‘Transitional society’ a society which has the process of cultural diffusion from more advanced sector of the world; been exposed to modernity. For learner the traditional society a society that has defined by what it wants to become, it is empathetic society. Lear said that ‘traditional society’ is not participant; it deploys people by kinship into communities isolated from each other and from a center the bands of interdependence people horizons are limited by local (1964, p-50). In the 1940s and 1950s was the only realistic way for LDC to industrialize. In general then for learner the mare a society exhibits empathy the more it will be engaged in the process of modernization and more likely is be modern. There is a clear mixture of sociological, psychological and economic feature to modernization theory, including for example, reference to value systems, individual motivation and capital accumulation. The critique of modernization theory: There are cultural and intellectual rejections of modernity. The boundaries between low and high culture are broken down. Intellectually post modernism involves and of the dominance of the unitary theories of progress and belief in scientific rationality. Modernization theory has not survived intact as viable paradigms for understanding change and transformation or process of poverty inequality. The theory cannot realistically explain the problem of global inequity and poverty. The principal term of the theory the traditional and the modern are much too vague to be of much use on classification of distinct skeptics. The two terms do not give the way indication of the great variety of society there have and do exist. Although the theory is supposed to be the way of society develops. There is little explanation offered for this problem. This is a serious weakness. Industrialized modern and its attendant’s urbanization weaker the wider kinship system as the people become primarily concern with the nuclear family (will’s 1977). Modernization completely undermines the values of extended family ties (penn-1986). It also derived from salvation among Protestants on important contributory factor in the rise of rational capitalism. The most forceful criticism of modernization theory is that it entirely ignores the impact of imperialism on third world countries. This is a staggering omission. Conclusion: Modernization deals with social change from agrarian societies to industrial ones, it is important to look at the technological viewpoint. New technologies do not change societies by it. Most accounts give greatest priority to the role played by the values, norms and beliefs of people in determining the sort of society – traditional or modern- that they create and thus value changes are the most important conditions for social change. Modernization Theory MODERNIZATION THEORY Introduction: Modernization is an inherently optimistic concept for it assumes that all countries eventually experience economic growth. This optimistic must be understood in the historical context of post war prosperity and growth in the north and independence of many southern colonies along with the growth of national markets and trades. The theory of modernization turns out into the high mass consumption and urbanization. The theory of economic growth is an alternative to Marxist theory. Meaning and history of modernization theory: Modernization theory is a collection of perspective which, while at their most intellectually influential in the 1950s and 1960s. Along with the growth of national markets, made nineteenth century capitalists much more effective and ambitious than any of other forebears; hence the so-called ‘industrial revolution’. Definition of modernization: 1. Modernization theory is the theory used to summarize modern transformations of social life. 2. Historically modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in the Western Europe. Eisenstadt-1966) Theoretical origins of modernization: The theory of modernization has its roots in the ideas of some scholars they produced different theories about the origins, characters, and future path of modern industrial society. Which we can now examine closely: Emile Durkheim: Durkheim proposes that there are two types of society ‘traditional’ and ‘mode rn’ society, which have different forms of social cohesion between their members. The people of the traditional society perform the limited tasks of a simple agrarian community based on group of families and clan in village settlements. Each group though a similar to all others thinks, believes and life styles are relatively self-contained. Its members perform all the required rules of farming, childrearing, social control defiance and so on. Each group is then a sort of segment, a discreet unit in a large society; hence durkheim also called this a ‘segmental’ society. The traditional society is contrasted with the modern society- in whichever increasing numbers and density of the 0f the population. This leads to a more people competing for relatively scarce resources. When competition becomes the fiercest, a social resolution to these problems had to emerge and this creates a gradual increase in social division of labor. Social differentiation occurs as a specialized institution are formed by people to deal with particular need of society such as religious, economic, political, educational and so on. The modern society is more cultured and less rigid and allows more scope for individual frustrations and happiness. Durkheim called this society â€Å"organic society’. Max weber: max weber sought to explain the emergence of industrialization, though he focused his attention on answering why capitalist manufacturing became dominate only in the economy of western. The basic explanation for this occurrence was the existence of cultural processes namely rationalization. Weber suggested this was not an easy or natural form of behavior; one of the important factors that promoted this work ‘ethic’ was according to weber not economic but religious. His beliefs that as western society has developed, more and more of its members act in ways that are guided by the principals of rationality and less by custom of tradition. He sees the coming of the modern era as sciatic birth of individual as a relatively free agent not about by rigid. Walt whitman Rostow: rostow illustrates the concept of modernization per excellence. in his work on economic growth (rostow-1960a; 1960b) the form of growth experience in north are taken as a model for the rest of the world, while economic are situated at different stages of development all are assumed be moving to the same direction. Traditional society is poor, irrational and rural. The take off stage requires a leap forward, based on technology and high levels of investment; preconditions for this the development of the infrastructure, manufacturing and effective government. After this the societies reach a stage of self-sustaining growth, in its mature stage technology pervades the whole economy leading to ‘the high mass consumption, high productivity and high levels of urbanization. This feature includes prenewtonian science and technology. All this typically takes 20 years and rostow attempts to date actual take off of those countries, which have experienced them. (1783-1803) For Britain which was the first followed amongst others, USA (1890-1940), Japan (1878-1900), Russia (1890-1914) and India, china (1950 onwards). Modernization: Modernization was prompted by the decline of the old colonial empires. The third world became a focused of attention by politicians who were keen to show countries pushing for independence that sustain development was possible under the western wings or modernization theory. Trumans speech embodies this initial optimism. Modernization can be described as optimistic because it presents development as a easy process enduring under development is explained in terms of obstacles. Paolo Friers suggests people need to develop political consciousness and the rout to this is though pedagogic techniques of empowerment. Learner(1964) explains the from traditional to modern. Be beliefs that ‘Transitional society’ a society which has the process of cultural diffusion from more advanced sector of the world; been exposed to modernity. For learner the traditional society a society that has defined by what it wants to become, it is empathetic society. Lear said that ‘traditional society’ is not participant; it deploys people by kinship into communities isolated from each other and from a center the bands of interdependence people horizons are limited by local (1964, p-50). In the 1940s and 1950s was the only realistic way for LDC to industrialize. In general then for learner the mare a society exhibits empathy the more it will be engaged in the process of modernization and more likely is be modern. There is a clear mixture of sociological, psychological and economic feature to modernization theory, including for example, reference to value systems, individual motivation and capital accumulation. The critique of modernization theory: There are cultural and intellectual rejections of modernity. The boundaries between low and high culture are broken down. Intellectually post modernism involves and of the dominance of the unitary theories of progress and belief in scientific rationality. Modernization theory has not survived intact as viable paradigms for understanding change and transformation or process of poverty inequality. The theory cannot realistically explain the problem of global inequity and poverty. The principal term of the theory the traditional and the modern are much too vague to be of much use on classification of distinct skeptics. The two terms do not give the way indication of the great variety of society there have and do exist. Although the theory is supposed to be the way of society develops. There is little explanation offered for this problem. This is a serious weakness. Industrialized modern and its attendant’s urbanization weaker the wider kinship system as the people become primarily concern with the nuclear family (will’s 1977). Modernization completely undermines the values of extended family ties (penn-1986). It also derived from salvation among Protestants on important contributory factor in the rise of rational capitalism. The most forceful criticism of modernization theory is that it entirely ignores the impact of imperialism on third world countries. This is a staggering omission. Conclusion: Modernization deals with social change from agrarian societies to industrial ones, it is important to look at the technological viewpoint. New technologies do not change societies by it. Most accounts give greatest priority to the role played by the values, norms and beliefs of people in determining the sort of society – traditional or modern- that they create and thus value changes are the most important conditions for social change.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Learn the Colors, and Colorful Expressions, in German

Every language has its own colorful expressions and symbolism, including German. But in German,  bunt  or  farbenfroh  (colorful) expressions are usually very literal: Expressions that contain colors—grà ¼n (green),  rot (red),  blau  (blue),  schwarz  (black), and  braun  (brown)—use colors literally. Adjectives and Expressions As in English, the German words for colors (Farben) usually function as adjectives and take the normal adjective endings. In certain situations, colors can also be nouns and are thus are capitalized, as in: Eine Bluse in  Blau a blouse in blueDas  Blaue  vom Himmel  versprechen   to promise heaven and earth, or literally, the blue of the heavens In German, colors are used, literally, to give color to expressions. For example, in English,  you can feel  blue, be yellow, or see red. In  German, these colors may or may not have the same meaning.  Blau, for example,  can have numerous meanings in German, including drunk or black (as in black eye). In Germany and Austria,  political parties  are often identified by or associated with a specific color. Both the Austrian and German conservative parties are  schwarz, while the socialists  are  rot. Various other political parties in German-speaking Europe are identified by other colors, and one political coalition is even called  Ampelkoalition, thetraffic-light coalition (red, yellow, green:  SPD, FDP, Grà ¼ne). Learning the Colors The table provides literal translations of the colors, as well as colorful expressions, in German. The color is listed in German in the first column, with the English translation in the second, followed by a colorful phrase or expression in the third. Click on the link in the third column to bring up a sound file that will allow you to hear the color in German followed by the expression using the color. Colors - FarbenClick on  Audio  to hear a color and its sample phrases. Farbe Color Colorful Phrases (color adjectives) rot red der rote Wagen (the red car), der Wagen ist rot rosa pink die rosa Rose (the pink rose)* blau blue ein blaues Auge (a black* eye), er ist blau (hes drunk)*In German, a black eye is blue. hell-blau lightblue die hellblaue Bluse (the light blue blouse)** dunkel-blau darkblue die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse) grn green der grne Hut (the green hat) gelb yellow ein gelbes Licht (a yellow light) orange orange das orange Buch (the orange book) braun brown die braunen Schuhe (the brown shoes) beige beige der beige Kasten (the beige box) violett violet der violette Hut (the violet hat) lila lilac/mauve der lila Hut (the lilac hat)* wei white das weie Papier (the white paper) schwarz black der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase) grau gray der graue Pulli (the gray sweater) trkis turquoise eine trkise Karte (a turquoise card) silber silver eine silberne Mnze (a silver coin) gold gold eine goldene Mnze (a gold coin), eine Goldmnze * Colors ending in -a  (lila, rosa) or -e  (beige, orange) do not take the normal adjective endings.** Light or dark colors are preceded by  hell- (light) or  dunkel- (dark), as in  hellgrà ¼n  (light green) or  dunkelgrà ¼n  (dark green).